Effects of temperature on physiology, transcription, and toxin production of the harmful benthic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus belizeanus.

Benthic dinoflagellates constitute a group of microalgae that inhabit the ocean floor, adhering to substrates such as coral, seagrasses, and sand. Certain species within this group have the potential to produce toxins. Ocean warming could increase the occurrence of harmful benthic dinoflagellate blooms, which pose a significant threat to coastal ecosystems in tropical and subtropical regions.

Kelp forests versus urchin barrens: a comparison of ecosystem functions and services provided by two alternative stable marine habitats.

Kelp forests and urchin barrens are two stable states in rocky reef ecosystems, each providing unique ecosystem functions like habitat for marine species and primary production. While studies frequently show that kelp forests support higher levels of some ecosystem functions than urchin barren habitats, no research has yet compared average differences. To address this gap, we first conducted a meta-analysis of studies that directly compared the ecosystem functions, services and general attributes provided by each habitat.

Relationship between CT-derived cervical muscle mass and quality, systemic inflammation, and survival in symptomatic patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.

Background: Sarcopenia appears to be associated with inferior outcomes in surgical conditions. Chronic systemic inflammation confers an inferior long-term prognosis in cardiovascular disease and is associated with the development of sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to describe the prognostic role of sarcopenia assessed using computed tomography (CT)-derived body composition analysis and systemic inflammation in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis.

Iridium(III) carbene complexes as potent girdin inhibitors against metastatic cancers.

Many cancer-driving protein targets remain undruggable due to a lack of binding molecular scaffolds. In this regard, octahedral metal complexes with unique and versatile three-dimensional structures have rarely been explored as inhibitors of undruggable protein targets. Here, we describe antitumor iridium(III) pyridinium-N-heterocyclic carbene complex , which profoundly reduces the viability of lung and breast cancer cells as well as cancer patient-derived organoids at low micromolar concentrations.

Return to work, work productivity loss and activity impairment in Chinese breast cancer survivors 12-month post-surgery: a longitudinal study.

Introduction: Existing evidence of returning-to-work (RTW) after cancer comes predominately from Western settings, with none prospectively examined since the initial diagnostic phase. This study prospectively documents RTW-rate, time-to-RTW, work productivity loss, and activity impairment, within the first-year post-surgery among Chinese women with breast cancer (BCW) and identify potential causal co-variants.

Methods: This observational longitudinal study followed 371 Chinese BCW who were employed/self-employed at the time of diagnosis at 4-week post-surgery (baseline).

Pazopanib elicits remarkable response in metastatic porocarcinoma: a functional precision medicine approach.

Metastatic porocarcinomas (PCs) are vanishingly rare, highly aggressive skin adnexal tumors with mortality rates exceeding 70%. Their rarity has precluded the understanding of their disease pathogenesis, let alone the conduct of clinical trials to evaluate treatment strategies. There are no effective agents for unresectable PCs.

A Comprehensive Review with Future Insights on the Processing and Safety of Fermented Fish and the Associated Changes.

As an easily spoiled source of valuable proteins and lipids, fish is preserved by fermentation in many cultures. Over time, diverse types of products have been produced from fish fermentation aside from whole fish, such as fermented fish paste and sauces. The consumption of fermented fish products has been shown to improve both physical and mental health due to the composition of the products.

LipidA-IDER to Explore the Global Lipid A Repertoire of Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria.

With the global emergence of drug-resistant bacteria causing difficult-to-treat infections, there is an urgent need for a tool to facilitate studies on key virulence and antimicrobial resistant factors. Mass spectrometry (MS) has contributed substantially to the elucidation of the structure-function relationships of lipid A, the endotoxic component of lipopolysaccharide which also serves as an important protective barrier against antimicrobials. Here, we present LipidA-IDER, an automated structure annotation tool for system-level scale identification of lipid A from high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS) data.

A comprehensive review of drying meat products and the associated effects and changes.

Preserving fresh food, such as meat, is significant in the effort of combating global food scarcity. Meat drying is a common way of preserving meat with a rich history in many cultures around the globe. In modern days, dried meat has become a well enjoyed food product in the market because of its long shelf-life, taste and health benefits.

A Comprehensive Review on the Processing of Dried Fish and the Associated Chemical and Nutritional Changes.

Fish is a good source of nutrients, although it is easily spoiled. As such, drying is a common method of preserving fish to compensate for its perishability. Dried fish exists in different cultures with varying types of fish used and drying methods.

Study protocol of a multiphase optimization strategy trial (MOST) for delivery of smoking cessation treatment in lung cancer screening settings.

Background: There is widespread agreement that the integration of cessation services in lung cancer screening (LCS) is essential for achieving the full benefits of LCS with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). There is a formidable knowledge gap about how to best design feasible, effective, and scalable cessation services in LCS facilities. A collective of NCI-funded clinical trials addressing this gap is the Smoking Cessation at Lung Examination (SCALE) Collaboration.

Mind your language: the importance of english language skills in an International Medical Programme (IMP).

Background: Language proficiency is crucial for doctors as they communicate with patients, peers and other healthcare professionals. Although proficiency in English is part of admission requirements, there is a gap in the knowledge of medical students' perception of factors enhancing English language (EL) skills during training in international medical programmes (IMPs). The gap prevents educators and policy makers from helping students who struggle with communication skills during medical training.

Draft Genome Sequence of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. Strain BEI01.

Here, we report the genome sequence of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. strain BEI01, originally deposited as a member of the Enterobacter cloacae complex. The genome is 4,900,246 bp in size with a GC content of 55.

Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Salmonella Isolates from Poultry Farms, a Slaughterhouse, and Retail Stalls in Thailand.

The draft genome sequences of 21 isolates obtained from poultry production chains in Hat Yai City, Songkhla Province, Thailand, are reported in this study. Our study revealed that there was environmental contamination along poultry production chains and cross-contamination among poultry through inanimate surfaces in the environment.

Molecular Analysis of the Bloodmeals of spp. Mosquitoes at Natural Habitats in Singapore to Investigate the Potential Risk of Japanese Encephalitis Virus and West Nile Virus Transmission.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are arboviruses primarily transmitted by spp. mosquitoes. Birds are the primary hosts for JEV and WNV.

Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Mosquitoes in Singapore.

Mosquito-borne flaviviruses are emerging pathogens of an increasing global public health concern because of their rapid increase in geographical range and the impact of climate change. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are of concern because of the risk of reemergence and introduction by migratory birds. In Singapore, human WNV infection has never been reported and human JEV infection is rare.

MAPK pathway mutations in head and neck cancer affect immune microenvironments and ErbB3 signaling.

MAPK pathway mutations affect one-fifth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Unexpectedly, MAPK pathway aberrations are associated with remarkably long patient survival, even among patients with mutations (median ∼14 yr). We explored underlying outcome-favoring mechanisms with omics followed by preclinical models.

Detection and characterization of a novel bat-borne coronavirus in Singapore using multiple molecular approaches.

Bats are important reservoirs and vectors in the transmission of emerging infectious diseases. Many highly pathogenic viruses such as SARS-CoV and rabies-related lyssaviruses have crossed species barriers to infect humans and other animals. In this study we monitored the major roost sites of bats in Singapore, and performed surveillance for zoonotic pathogens in these bats.

Far-Transfer Effects of Strategy-Based Working Memory Training.

We assessed the transfer effects of training working memory strategies to a novel problem-solving task. Previous WM training studies have produced little evidence for transfer across contexts. In the current study, 64 6- to 9-year-olds were randomly assigned to one of four training conditions: semantic and rehearsal training, semantic training only, rehearsal training only, and treated control group.

Serological evidence of continued Japanese encephalitis virus transmission in Singapore nearly three decades after end of pig farming.

Background: Singapore used to report an annual average of 14 cases of Japanese encephalitis, but ever since the abolishment of pig farms in the early 1990s, the local incidence rate for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infections has reduced drastically. Studies done in the early 2000s demonstrated the presence of JEV-specific antibodies in animals such as wild boars, dogs, chickens and goats on the offshore island and peripheral parts of the Singapore, indicative of prior JEV exposure. A JEV wildlife and sentinel chicken surveillance system was initiated in 2010 through to 2017 to study the animal host seroprofiles.

Toddlers' understanding and use of verbal negation in inferential reasoning search tasks.

Past research has demonstrated that young children and nonhuman animals are able to reason by elimination ("If not A, then B") by relying on visual cues such as seeing that one container is empty. Other research has shown that young children can solve similar, simple inferential reasoning tasks where "emptiness" is conveyed verbally through negation (e.g.

Characterization of Fowlpox virus in chickens and bird-biting mosquitoes: a molecular approach to investigating Avipoxvirus transmission.

Avian pox is a highly contagious avian disease, yet relatively little is known about the epidemiology and transmission of Avipoxviruses. Using a molecular approach, we report evidence for a potential link between birds and field-caught mosquitoes in the transmission of Fowlpox virus (FWPV) in Singapore. Comparison of fpv167 (P4b), fpv126 (VLTF-1), fpv175-176 (A11R-A12L) and fpv140 (H3L) gene sequences revealed close relatedness between FWPV strains obtained from cutaneous lesions of a chicken and four pools of Culex pseudovishnui, Culex spp.

Mesh erosion to urinary bladder causing fistulation to abdominal wall resulting in necrotizing fasciitis: A case report of late complication of incisional hernia.

Introduction: Incisional hernia is not an uncommon complication after abdominal operation, and laparoscopic ventral hernia repair with mesh is commonly performed nowadays. It is thought to have less complication compare to the traditional open repair, yet late complication is still observed occasionally and can be disastrous.

Case Report: We hereby report a case of abdominal wall necrotizing fasciitis 21 months after laparoscopic incisional hernia repair in lower midline with dual mesh, due to mesh migration and erosion into urinary bladder, resulting in fistulation between bladder and abdominal wall.

Luminescent Iridium(III) Pyridinium-Derived N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Versatile Photoredox Catalysts.

The development of novel luminescent iridium(III) complexes with highly tunable emission energy and versatile applications is of particular importance. In this Communication, a series of luminescent iridium(III) complexes supported by chromophoric pyridinium-derived N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands that display tunable emission from 516 to 682 nm were prepared. These complexes can be used as photocatalysts in photooxidation and photoreduction reactions and could have potential applications in pH sensing.