First Responder Assertive Linkage Programs: A Scoping Review of Interventions to Improve Linkage to Care for People Who Use Drugs.

Context: In response to the drug overdose crisis, first responders, in partnership with public health, provide new pathways to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and other services for individuals they encounter in their day-to-day work.

Objective: This scoping review synthesizes available evidence on first responder programs that take an assertive approach to making linkages to care.

Results: Seven databases were searched for studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals between January 2000 and December 2019.

The relationship between commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) and childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among boys and girls in Haiti.

To test the hypothesis that childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a risk factor for commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC), we analysed data from the Haiti Violence Against Children Survey (VACS), a population-based sample of adolescents and young adults ages 13-24 (1459 males and 1457 females). Twenty-one percent of males and 25% of females reported CSA; 6% of males and 4% of females reported CSEC. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for CSEC based on exposure to CSA were 5.

The Interaction of Race and Gender as a Significant Driver of Racial Arrest Disparities for African American Men.

The mass incarceration of African Americans is both a driver of racial health inequalities in the USA. Systemic social biases which associate African American men with criminality, violence, and as a particular threat to white women may partially explain their over-representation in the criminal justice system. We combined data from the Washington, DC Metro Police Department (MPD) and the American Community Survey to test whether neighborhood-level gender, race, and economic makeup were associated with elevated drug-related arrest disproportions for African American men.