New insights into the optimal management of COPD: extracts from CHEST 2021 annual meeting (October 17-20, 2021).

Introduction: Discordance between real-world prescribing patterns and global treatment guidelines for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with inhaled single or dual long-acting bronchodilator maintenance therapy is increasingly being reported in the literature, particularly with regard to addition of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Patient-related factors, e.g.