The structural repertoire of f. sp. effectors revealed by experimental and computational studies.

Plant pathogens secrete proteins, known as effectors, that function in the apoplast or inside plant cells to promote virulence. Effector recognition by cell-surface or cytosolic receptors results in the activation of defence pathways and plant immunity. Despite their importance, our general understanding of fungal effector function and recognition by immunity receptors remains poor.

The Prevalence of p16 Expression in Urothelial Bladder Cancer in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Chattogram, Bangladesh.

Background & Objective: p16 is a tumor suppressor gene, loss of which is usually associated with poor epithelial differentiation, resulting in tumor progression, which correlates with aggressive clinical behavior and poor prognosis. CDK 4/6 inhibitors can be used as a therapeutic target in p16 negative cases. Bladder cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers, prognosis of which depends not only upon the histopathological type, grade, and invasiveness but also on many other factors.

Screening of plasma IL-6 and IL-17 in Bangladeshi lung cancer patients.

Lung cancer is responsible for causing one of the highest numbers of cancer deaths. In Bangladesh, both men and women are affected by lung cancer, and environmental contaminants are believed to be one of the main risk factors apart from smoking. The diagnosis of lung cancer is difficult due to the delicate structure and complexity of the lungs.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the adult population in Bangladesh: A nationwide cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: Studies related to the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy are scanty in Bangladesh, despite the growing necessity of understanding the population behavior related to vaccination. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors in Bangladesh to fill the knowledge gap.

Methods And Materials: This study adopted a cross-sectional design to collect data from 1497 respondents using online (Google forms) and face-to-face interviews from eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh between 1-7 February 2021.

Molecular Mechanism & Structure-Zooming in on Plant Immunity.

The first of three International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions (IS-MPMI) eSymposia was convened on 12 and 13 July 2021, with the theme "Molecular Mechanism & Structure-Zooming in on Plant Immunity". Hosted by Jian-Min Zhou (Beijing, China) and Jane Parker (Cologne, Germany), the eSymposium centered on "Top 10 Unanswered Questions in MPMI" number five: Does effector-triggered immunity (ETI) potentiate and restore pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)-or is there really a binary distinction between ETI and PTI? Since the previous International Congress of IS-MPMI in 2019, substantial progress has been made in untangling the complex signaling underlying plant immunity, including a greater understanding of the structure and function of key proteins. A clear need emerged for the MPMI community to come together virtually to share new knowledge around plant immunity.

Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, or Psychological Antecedents: What Predicts COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Better Among the Bangladeshi Adults?

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and investigate the constellations of psychological determinants of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the Bangladeshi adult population utilizing the health belief model-HBM (perceived susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19, perceived benefits of and barriers to COVID-19 vaccination, and cues to action), the theory of planned behavior-TPB (attitude toward COVID-19 vaccine, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and anticipated regret), and the 5C psychological antecedents (confidence, constraints, complacency, calculation, and collective responsibility). We compared the predictability of these theoretical frameworks to see which framework explains the highest variance in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This study adopted a cross-sectional research design.

The crystal structure of SnTox3 from the necrotrophic fungus Parastagonospora nodorum reveals a unique effector fold and provides insight into Snn3 recognition and pro-domain protease processing of fungal effectors.

Plant pathogens cause disease through secreted effector proteins, which act to promote infection. Typically, the sequences of effectors provide little functional information and further targeted experimentation is required. Here, we utilized a structure/function approach to study SnTox3, an effector from the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum, which causes cell death in wheat-lines carrying the sensitivity gene Snn3.

Population-Level Preparedness About Preventive Practices Against Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Adults in Bangladesh.

This study assessed the preparedness regarding the preventive practices toward the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the adult population in Bangladesh. Data were collected through an online survey with a sample size of 1,056. We constructed four variables (individual, household, economic, and community and social distancing) related to preparedness based on the principal component analysis of eight items.

Do knowledge and attitudes matter for preventive behavioral practices toward the COVID-19? A cross-sectional online survey among the adult population in Bangladesh.

The Government of Bangladesh has adopted several non-therapeutic measures to tackle the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2. However, the curve of COVID-19 positive cases has not significantly flattened yet, as the adoption of preventive measures by the general population is predominantly a behavioral phenomenon that is often influenced by people's knowledge and attitudes. This study aimed to assess the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behavioral practices toward COVID-19 and their interrelationships among the population of Bangladesh aged 18 years and above.