Burden of diabetes in correctional facilities: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Diabetes mellitus presents significant public health challenges worldwide. While its prevalence and management in the general population have been extensively studied, comprehensive research on diabetes among incarcerated individuals is lacking. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and -analysis to determine the prevalence of diabetes within the prison population.

Reproducibility and repeatability of 18F-(2S, 4R)-4-fluoroglutamine PET imaging in preclinical oncology models.

Introduction: Measurement of repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) is necessary to realize the full potential of positron emission tomography (PET). Several studies have evaluated the reproducibility of PET using 18F-FDG, the most common PET tracer used in oncology, but similar studies using other PET tracers are scarce. Even fewer assess agreement and R&R with statistical methods designed explicitly for the task.

Interactions between lncRNAs and cyclins/CDKs complexes; key players in determining cancer cell response to CDKs inhibitors.

Transcription takes place over a significant portion of the human genome. However, only a small portion of the transcriptome, roughly 1.2%, consists of RNAs translated into proteins; the majority of transcripts, on the other hand, comprise a variety of RNA families with varying sizes and functions.

Wealth-based inequalities in tuberculosis prevalence among households having children and young adults in India: insights from Indian demographic and health surveys (2015-2021).

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant health concern in India, especially among households with children and young adolescents aged 6-17 years. Despite ongoing research, there is a knowledge gap regarding specific risk factors for TB within this demographic. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the association between TB and various socio-demographic factors, including socioeconomic status, nutritional status, and environmental conditions.

Mortality reduction with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pneumococcal disease, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, imposes a significant global health burden, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly and immunocompromised. The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is designed to protect against 23 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, there is ongoing debate about its effectiveness in reducing all-cause mortality.

Comparative evaluation of artificial intelligence systems' accuracy in providing medical drug dosages: A methodological study.

Background: Medication errors, especially in dosage calculation, pose risks in healthcare. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems like ChatGPT and Google Bard may help reduce errors, but their accuracy in providing medication information remains to be evaluated.

Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of AI systems (ChatGPT 3.

Burden of neurologic diseases in BRICS countries (1990 to 2021): an analysis of 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study.

Background: Neurological disorders are a major global health concern, especially in BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), where demographic and socio-economic changes have amplified their impact. This study evaluates trends in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with neurological diseases in these countries from 1990 to 2021, focusing on sex disparities and key risk factors.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database.

Trypanosomatid DRBD9s are likely to be eIF4B orthologues.

Initiation of protein translation is one of the key steps in protein synthesis carried out by translation initiation factors in conjunction with ribosomes. The roles and mechanisms of these initiation factors in prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis are well understood. However, they are only beginning to be understood in trypanosomatids.

Computational dissection through network pharmacology and structure-based analysis unravels mechanistic actions of bioactive compounds in a hepatoprotective herb, for the treatment of NAFLD and NASH.

Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease has become a silent pandemic worldwide with no authorized medicine available. is a traditional hepatoprotective herb wherein extracts provide therapeutic efficacy but not the individual compounds. Hence, the aim of the study is exploration of active molecules in extracts and identification of mechanistic actions to pinpoint potential leads towards drug development.

Understanding current trends and incidence projections of prostate cancer in India: A comprehensive analysis of national and regional data from the global burden of disease study (1990 -2021).

Background: The study aims to explore the burden and trends of prostate cancer (PC) in India at the state level from 1990 to 2021, using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study.

Methods: The health metrics including age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR), prevalence rates (ASPR), disability-adjusted life years (ASDR), and mortality rates (ASMR) per 100,000 for PC were analysed across Indian states and union territories. Join point regression analysis was employed to identify significant changes in these metrics over time.

Association of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Cardiac Mechanics in the Cardiovascular Health Study.

Background: Elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure (HF) in individuals with and without kidney disease. Prior studies investigated the association of FGF23 and structural cardiac changes using conventional echocardiography, which is limited in its ability to detect early cardiac dysfunction. We investigated the relationship between FGF23 levels and cardiac dynamics using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE), a novel imaging modality.

Insights of gut-liver axis in hepatic diseases: Mechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic potentials.

With the rising prevalence of chronic liver diseases worldwide, there exists a need to diversify our artillery to incorporate a plethora of diagnostic and therapeutic methods to combat this disease. Currently, the most common causes of liver disease are non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease. Some of these chronic diseases have the potential to transform into hepatocellular carcinoma with advancing fibrosis.

Reaction of unsymmetrical α-bromo-1,3-diketones with -substituted thioureas: regioselective access to 2-(-arylamino)-5-acyl-4-methylthiazoles and/or rearranged 2-(-acylimino)-3--aryl-4-methylthiazoles.

The present study reports some fascinating results of Hantzsch's [3 + 2] cyclic condensation of α-bromo-1,3-diketones, a tri-electrophilic synthon generated by bromination of 1,3-diketones using the mild brominating reagent NBS with trinucleophilic -substituted thioureas. Interestingly, out of a total of 20 combinations, 10 resulted in the exclusive formation of the desired 2-(-arylamino)-5-acyl-4-methylthiazoles regioselectively, seven led to the formation of unexpected 2-(-acylimino)-3--aryl-4-methylthiazoles through an interesting C-N acyl migration, and three furnished a mixture consisting of both products. The regioselectivity pattern of the two products may be attributed to a greater electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon of the acetyl group than that of the acyl group towards both nitrogens of thiourea.

Elucidating the anticancerous efficacy of genistein via modulating HPV (E7 and E6) oncogenes expression and apoptotic induction in cervical cancer cells.

In recent years, genistein has garnered increased interest for its ability to inhibit numerous deregulated targets associated with cancer progression and induction of programmed cell death and antiproliferative activities in human carcinoma cells. Cancer etiology is influenced via multiple disrupted signaling pathways. This study therefore directed toward investigating genistein efficacy in modulating mRNA expression levels of two crucial Human Pappiloma Virus (HPV) (E7 and E6) oncogenes for cancer treatment.

P2Y12 receptor-mediated cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression enhances tumor cell progression in a mouse model of lymphoma.

The pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) has been known to impart metastatic property to cancer cells. However, blocking of COX-2 with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or COX-2-specific inhibitors has failed in clinical trials due to adverse effects associated with their prolonged use. We have previously shown that extracellular ATP (eATP), a major component of the tumor microenvironment, enhances COX-2 expression several-fold, both in macrophages and in various cancer cells, by acting on purinergic (P2) receptors.

Discovery of New Natural Phytocompounds: The Modern Tools to Fight Against Traditional Bacterial Pathogens.

Ongoing competition between disease-causing bacteria and human hosts has resulted in the discovery of a wide array of antibacterials. The advent of antibacterials ushered in a promising period in the realm of microbiology, but its brilliance was short-lived and soon diminished. The excessive and incorrect use of antibacterials results in limited selection pressure on the targeted microorganisms, which in turn promotes the evolution of microbes instead of killing them.

The resurgence of monkeypox: Epidemiology, clinical features, and public health implications in the post-smallpox eradication era.

The recent global resurgence of Mpox (formerly monkeypox), primarily transmitted via close contact and respiratory droplets, highlights a significant shift in its epidemiology, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). This resurgence underscores the need for robust public health responses and improved surveillance. This comprehensive review of current literature focuses on recent outbreaks, virology, and available treatments.

Non-coding RNAs as a Critical Player in the Regulation of Inflammasome in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Emphasize on lncRNAs.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic disease caused by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microflora. A hyperactive inflammatory and immunological response in the gut has been shown to be one of the disease's long-term causes despite the complexity of the clinical pathology of IBD. The innate immune system activator known as human gut inflammasome is thought to be a significant underlying cause of pathology and is closely linked to the development of IBD.

A comparison of branched DNA and reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction methodologies for quantitation of lipid nanoparticle encapsulated mRNA.

Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics have emerged as a promising modality for various clinical applications, necessitating robust methods for mRNA quantification. This biodistribution study compares the performance of branched DNA and reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays for measuring lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA. Following intravenous administration of nascent peptide imaging luciferase mRNA (1 mg/kg) to rats, mRNA levels in various tissues and serum were quantified using both assays.

An Updated Review Summarizing the Anticancer Potential of Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) Based Curcumin, Epigallocatechin Gallate, and Resveratrol Nanocarriers.

The utilization of nanoformulations derived from natural products for the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer, is a rapidly developing field. Conventional therapies used for cancer treatment have limited efficacy and a greater number of adverse effects. Hence, it is imperative to develop innovative anticancer drugs with superior effectiveness.