Osteocutaneous radial forearm reconstruction of large partial cricotracheal defects.

Background: Single-stage procedures for reconstruction of large cricotracheal defects have been limited in success and malignant immature teratomas in the larynx of an adult have never been reported.

Methods And Results: This was a case report and literature review. A 27-year-old man presented with 2 weeks of new-onset stridor and was found to have a mass obstructing 80% of the subglottis and trachea.

Effect of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-γ inhibitor CAY10505 in hypertension, and its associated vascular endothelium dysfunction in rats.

This study has been designed to investigate the role of phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase-γ (PI3Kγ) in deoxycorticosterone acetate salt (DOCA) hypertension induced vascular endothelium dysfunction. Wistar rats were uninephrectomised and DOCA (40 mg·(kg body mass)(-1), subcutaneous injection) was administered twice weekly for 6 weeks to produce hypertension. Rats with mean arterial blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 133.

Head and neck cancer in transplant recipients.

Objectives/hypothesis: The development of malignancy in organ transplant patients is a well-known complication of long-term immunosuppressive therapy. We sought to characterize our institution's 20-year experience with head and neck cancer after solid organ transplantation.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt following liver transplantation: can outcomes be predicted?

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has been fairly effective in managing portal hypertension in the setting of cirrhosis. The aim is to study the safety and efficacy of TIPS in liver transplant (LT) recipients. Fifteen patients underwent TIPS insertion following LT.

Ameliorative effect of daidzein: a caveolin-1 inhibitor in vascular endothelium dysfunction induced by ovariectomy.

Estrogen deficiency was produced in female Sprague-Dawley rats by surgical removal of both the ovaries and these animals were used 4 weeks later. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxations due to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were observed respectively, in isolated rat thoracic aortic ring preparation. Extent of lipid peroxidation was measured by estimating serum TBARS.

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor: A family of nuclear receptors role in various diseases.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily comprising of the following three subtypes: PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ. Activation of PPAR-α reduces triglyceride level and is involved in regulation of energy homeostasis. Activation of PPAR-γ causes insulin sensitization and enhances glucose metabolism, whereas activation of PPAR-β/δ enhances fatty acids metabolism.

Surgeon perception is not a good predictor of peri-operative outcomes in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Surgeons have always used their cognitive intuition for the execution of skilled tasks and real-time perception of intra-operative outcomes. We attempted to measure the overall accuracy of intra-operative surgeon perception on the functional outcome of early continence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). A single experienced surgeon (D.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation attenuates 3-nitropropionic acid induced behavioral and biochemical alterations in rats: possible neuroprotective mechanisms.

Peroxisome proliferators activated receptor is regarded as potential therapeutic targets to control various neurodegenerative disorders. However, none of the study has elucidated its effect in the treatment of Huntington's disease. We explored whether peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-α agonist may attenuate various behavioral and biochemical alterations induced by systemic administration of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), an accepted experimental animal model of Huntington's disease phenotype.

Rectal injury during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: incidence and management.

Purpose: Rectal injury during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy is a rare but significant complication. Since the Clavien grading classification of complications does not include intraoperative injury without further sequelae, rectal injury may be underreported in the literature. We present what is to our knowledge the largest retrospective review to date of rectal injury and subsequent management.

Bladder neck plication stitch: a novel technique during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy to improve recovery of urinary continence.

Background And Purpose: Efforts to improve postprostatectomy incontinence have led to many modifications in surgical technique. We present our experience with a novel technique to improve continence outcomes in patients who are undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Patients And Methods: A consecutive series of 159 patients after initiation of a bladder neck plication stitch was compared with the most recent group before the change.

Positive surgical margins after robotic assisted radical prostatectomy: a multi-institutional study.

Purpose: Positive surgical margins are an independent predictive factor for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. We analyzed the incidence of and associative factors for positive surgical margins in a multi-institutional series of 8,418 robotic assisted radical prostatectomies.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the records of 8,418 patients who underwent robotic assisted radical prostatectomy at 7 institutions.

Minocycline attenuates the development of diabetic neuropathic pain: possible anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms.

Painful neuropathy, a common complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by allodynia and hyperalgesia. Recent studies emphasized on the role of non-neuronal cells, particularly microglia in the development of neuronal hypersensitivity. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of minocyline, a selective inhibitor of microglial activation to define the role of neuroimmune activation in experimental diabetic neuropathy.

Robot-assisted excision of a retroperitoneal mass between the left renal artery and vein.

Background: Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas are rare. Minimally invasive techniques have been utilized for incidentally discovered masses with successful results.

Methods: We present a case of a 64-year-old female with a 3.

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome with microtia: a rare presentation.

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is a rare X-linked disorder characterized by a female body habitus and male genotype. The Müllerian duct derivatives are absent or rudimentary, and the testes are undescended. Microtia is characterized by a malformed auricle; and in some cases it is genetically transmitted with a non-sex-linked inheritance pattern.

Mechanism of attenuation of diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia induced vascular endothelial dysfunction by protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition.

The study has been designed to investigate downstream mechanisms in the PTPase inhibition mediated attenuation of diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats using streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.v.

Continuous positive airway pressure adherence for obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective. To determine predictors of patient adherence to CPAP. Design.

Population based study to assess prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in a high altitude area.

Aim: We did a population-based cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a high altitude area.

Methods: An observational study using a validated questionnaire consisting of demographic, lifestyle and dietary characteristics was administered in an interview based format by two clinicians on a sample of adult population residing in urban area and rural high altitude areas of Ladakh. Presence of GERD was defined as a score of ≥4 using a previously validated symptom score based on the severity and frequency of heartburn and regurgitation.

Beneficial effect of insulin in hyperhomocysteinemia and diabetes mellitus-induced vascular endothelium dysfunction: role of phosphoinositide dependent kinase and protein kinase B.

A primary defect in the vascular action of insulin may be the key intermediate mechanism that links endothelial dysfunction with diabetes mellitus and hyperhomocysteinemia. This study investigated the downstream targets of insulin, involved in this process. Hyperhomocysteinemia (serum homocysteine > 10 μm/l) was produced in rats by administering L-methionine (1.

Folic acid remodels chromatin on Hes1 and Neurog2 promoters during caudal neural tube development.

The mechanism(s) behind folate rescue of neural tube closure are not well understood. In this study we show that maternal intake of folate prior to conception reverses the proliferation potential of neural crest stem cells in homozygous Splotch embryos (Sp(-/-)) via epigenetic mechanisms. It is also shown that the pattern of differentiation seen in these cells is similar to wild-type (WT).

Soluble state high resolution atomic force microscopy study of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid oligomers.

We report here the direct observation of high resolution structures of assemblies of Alzheimer beta-amyloid oligomers and monomers using liquid atomic force microscopy (AFM). Visualization of nanoscale features of Abeta oligomers (also known as ADDLs) was carried out in tapping mode AFM in F12 solution. Our results indicate that ADDL preparations exist in solution primarily as a mixture of monomeric peptides and higher molecular mass oligomers.

A method for automatic detection and classification of stroke from brain CT images.

Computed tomographic (CT) images are widely used in the diagnosis of stroke. In this paper, we present an automated method to detect and classify an abnormality into acute infarct, chronic infarct and hemorrhage at the slice level of non-contrast CT images. The proposed method consists of three main steps: image enhancement, detection of mid-line symmetry and classification of abnormal slices.

Shape-dependent force between magnetic nanoparticles in a colloidal ferro-fluid.

In the presence of applied magnetic fields, magnetic nanoparticles suspended in a colloidal ferrofluid align themselves in chains if the inter-particle force due to induced dipolar interactions within the chain dominates over the thermal randomization. The variation of this chain force with the interparticle separation and particle volume has been studied in the past for the special case of spherical particles. In the present paper the dependence of the chain-force on the shape of the suspended nanoparticles of prolate spheroidal type has been investigated.

Isolated common femoral artery aneurysm: a case report.

Introduction: Isolated aneurysm of common femoral artery is a rare occurrence. They may mimic other common conditions like groin lymph nodes or groin hernia.

Case Presentation: Here we present a case of 61-years-old Chinese gentleman who presented with a right groin lump, which was suspected to be groin hernia but turned out common femoral artery aneurysm.