miRNAome-metabolome wide association study reveals effects of miRNA regulation in eosinophilia and airflow obstruction in childhood asthma.

Background: There are important inter-relationships between miRNAs and metabolites: alterations in miRNA expression can be induced by various metabolic stimuli, and miRNAs play a regulatory role in numerous cellular processes, impacting metabolism. While both specific miRNAs and metabolites have been identified for their role in childhood asthma, there has been no global assessment of the combined effect of miRNAs and the metabolome in childhood asthma.

Methods: We performed miRNAome-metabolome-wide association studies ('miR-metabo-WAS') in two childhood cohorts of asthma to evaluate the contemporaneous and persistent miRNA-metabolite associations: 1) Genetic Epidemiology of Asthma in Costa Rica Study (GACRS) (N = 1121); 2) the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) (N = 312 and N = 454).

Early-life microRNA signatures in cord blood associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma development.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the biological regulation of asthma and allergies.

Objectives: To investigate the association between cord blood miRNAs and the development of allergic rhinitis and early childhood asthma.

Methods: miRNAs were sequenced from cord blood of subjects participating in the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial.

Circulating microRNAs associated with bronchodilator response in childhood asthma.

Background: Bronchodilator response (BDR) is a measure of improvement in airway smooth muscle tone, inhibition of liquid accumulation and mucus section into the lumen in response to short-acting beta-2 agonists that varies among asthmatic patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known post-translational regulators. Identifying miRNAs associated with BDR could lead to a better understanding of the underlying complex pathophysiology.

MiR-107 and Its Association With House Dust Mite Sensitisation: Implications for Asthma.

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to allergic diseases but their effects on sensitisation to allergens in individuals with asthma are unknown. We aimed to identify miRNAs associated with house dust mite (HDM) sensitisation in childhood asthma.

Methods: Serum samples from 1126 children with asthma who participated in the Genetics of Asthma in Costa Rica Study (GACRS) were profiled for 304 miRNAs.

Specific microRNA Profile Associated with Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism for Stratifying Allergic Asthma Severity.

The mechanisms underlying severe allergic asthma are complex and unknown, meaning it is a challenge to provide the most appropriate treatment. This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers for stratifying allergic asthmatic patients according to severity, and to uncover the biological mechanisms that lead to the development of the severe uncontrolled phenotype. By using miRNA PCR panels, we analyzed the expression of 752 miRNAs in serum samples from control subjects ( = 15) and mild ( = 11) and severe uncontrolled ( = 10) allergic asthmatic patients.

Identification of MicroRNAs in children with increased asthma bronchodilator usage in genetics of asthma in Costa Rica Study.

Introduction: Uncontrolled or severe asthma results in symptomatic usage of short-acting ß2-agonist (SABA) usage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are posttranslational regulators that can influence asthma biology. This study aims to identify miRNAs that are associated with increased SABA usage.

Metabolite signatures associated with microRNA miR-143-3p serve as drivers of poor lung function trajectories in childhood asthma.

Background: Lung function trajectories (LFTs) have been shown to be an important measure of long-term health in asthma. While there is a growing body of metabolomic studies on asthma status and other phenotypes, there are no prospective studies of the relationship between metabolomics and LFTs or their genomic determinants.

Methods: We utilized ordinal logistic regression to identify plasma metabolite principal components associated with four previously-published LFTs in children from the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) (n = 660).

Tularemia - a re-emerging disease with growing concern.

Tularemia caused by Gram-negative, coccobacillus bacterium, is a highly infectious zoonotic disease. Human cases have been reported mainly from the United States, Nordic countries like Sweden and Finland, and some European and Asian countries. Naturally, the disease occurs in several vertebrates, particularly lagomorphs.

Circulating MicroRNAs associated with Bronchodilator Response in Childhood Asthma.

Rationale: Bronchodilator response (BDR) is a measure of improvement in airway smooth muscle tone, inhibition of liquid accumulation and mucus section into the lumen in response to short-acting beta-2 agonists that varies among asthmatic patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known post-translational regulators. Identifying miRNAs associated with BDR could lead to a better understanding of the underlying complex pathophysiology.

Systems Genomics Reveals microRNA Regulation of ICS Response in Childhood Asthma.

Background: Asthmatic patients' responses to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are variable and difficult to quantify. We have previously defined a Cross-sectional Asthma STEroid Response (CASTER) measure of ICS response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have shown strong effects on asthma and inflammatory processes.

Intrauterine Smoke Exposure, microRNA Expression during Human Lung Development, and Childhood Asthma.

Intrauterine smoke (IUS) exposure during early childhood has been associated with a number of negative health consequences, including reduced lung function and asthma susceptibility. The biological mechanisms underlying these associations have not been established. MicroRNAs regulate the expression of numerous genes involved in lung development.

Shatavarin-IV saponin adjuvant elicits IgG and IgG2b responses against bacterin in a murine model.

Roxb. also known as "safed musli" or "shatavari" is a medicinal plant commonly found in South Asian countries. Shatavari is effective for the treatment of gastric ulcers, renal stones, bronchitis, diabetes, diabetic neuropathy, irritable bowel syndrome, alcohol withdrawal and has reported immunostimulatory effects.

Meta-analysis of transcriptomics data identifies potential biomarkers and their associated regulatory networks in gallbladder cancer.

Aim: This study aimed to identify key genes, non-coding RNAs, and their possible regulatory interactions during gallbladder cancer (GBC).

Background: The early detection of GBC, i.e.

Recent miRNA Research in Asthma.

Purpose Of Review: The study of microRNA in asthma has revealed a vibrant new level of gene regulation underlying asthma pathology. Several miRNAs have been shown to be important in asthma, influencing various biological mechanisms which lead to asthma pathology and symptoms. In addition, miRNAs have been proposed as biomarkers of asthma affection status, asthma severity, and asthma treatment response.

Hemodynamic functional connectivity optimization of frequency EEG microstates enables attention LSTM framework to classify distinct temporal cortical communications of different cognitive tasks.

Temporal analysis of global cortical communication of cognitive tasks in coarse EEG information is still challenging due to the underlying complex neural mechanisms. This study proposes an attention-based time-series deep learning framework that processes fMRI functional connectivity optimized quasi-stable frequency microstates for classifying distinct temporal cortical communications of the cognitive task. Seventy volunteers were subjected to visual target detection tasks, and their electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional MRI (fMRI) were acquired simultaneously.

Evaluation of immunological adjuvant activities of saponin rich fraction from the fruits of Roxb. with less adverse reactions.

The hemolytic activity, as well as toxicity, and immunomodulatory potential of saponins-rich fraction of Roxb. fruit (AA-SRF) have been assessed in this study in order to explore AA-SRF as an alternative safer adjuvant to standard Quil-A saponin. The AA-SRF showed lower hemolytic activity (HD = 301.

Evolutionary and functional characterisation of glutathione peroxidases showed splicing mediated stress responses in Maize.

Maize (Zea mays L) is an important cereal with extensive adaptability and multifaceted usages. However, various abiotic and biotic stresses limit the productivity of maize across the globe. Exposure of plant to stresses disturb the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging, which subsequently increases cellular damage and death of plants.

A comparative analysis of saponin-enriched fraction from (Moench) Garcke, (Gaertn) and (Santapau and Fernandes): an hemolytic and cytotoxicity evaluation.

To explore the newer saponin resources, toxicity of saponin-enriched fraction (SEF) extracted from (SV) was evaluated for first time and compared with toxicity of SEF extracted from (SM) and (CV). All extracted SEF from diverse resources were characterized by immersing TLC plates in 0.5% RBC suspension method, by ethanol: sulfuric acid method and by estimating hRst values.

Functional connectivity between frontal/parietal regions and MTL-basal ganglia during feedback learning and declarative memory retrieval.

Feedback assists the memory system in preserving the learnings from ongoing activities and updating it for future retrievals. Thus, the feedback coming from an individual's performance affects the behavior and, thereby, the performance. However, little is known regarding the interactions of learning and memory associated regions.

Preparedness of primary and secondary health facilities in India to address major noncommunicable diseases: results of a National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS).

Background: The monitoring framework for evaluating health system response to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) include indicators to assess availability of affordable basic technologies and essential medicines to treat them in both public and private primary care facilities. The Government of India launched the National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) in 2010 to strengthen health systems. We assessed availability of trained human resources, essential medicines and technologies for diabetes, cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases as one of the components of the National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS - 2017-18).

Baseline risk factor prevalence among adolescents aged 15-17 years old: findings from National Non-communicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS) of India.

Objective: To generate national estimates of key non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors for adolescents (15-17 years) identified in the National NCD Monitoring Framework and, study the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards NCD risk behaviours among school-going adolescents.

Design And Setting: A community-based, national, crosssectional survey conducted during 2017-2018. The survey was coordinated by the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research with 10 reputed implementing research institutes/organisations across India in urban and rural areas.