Publications by authors named "Sharma Anuradha"
Background: The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant bacterial infections poses a significant challenge to global healthcare, necessitating the development of novel antibacterial agents. Coumarin-based derivatives are well-recognized for their diverse biological activities, and hybridization with other pharmacophores offers a promising strategy for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and overcoming resistance.
Objective: This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate a novel series of coumarin hybrids by integrating the coumarin scaffold with sulfanilamide (9a-e) and 2-aminobenzothiazole (10a-e), targeting bacterial pathogens through a dual pharmacophoric approach.
This study investigated heavy metal contamination in cow and buffalo milk from industrial and residential areas of Raipur, India, assessing health risks and identifying contamination sources. Milk samples were collected from seven sites and analyzed for Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, and As using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results revealed higher contamination in industrial areas, with fodder being a primary source for Zn, Ni, Fe, and Cu, while water contributed to Mn, Cr, and As.
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- Real-world organisms face multiple stressors simultaneously, but lab studies usually focus on single stressors in simplified conditions.
- This study uses microfluidics to apply both physical (shear flow) and chemical (hydrogen peroxide) stressors to the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, revealing that flow significantly enhances the effectiveness of HO on bacterial growth.
- The findings show that natural levels of these stressors interact in ways that limit bacterial movement and survival, emphasizing the importance of studying multiple stressors to better understand their true effects.
Article Synopsis
- Climate change poses a serious threat to agriculture, prompting the need for sustainable farming practices, specifically through the use of rhizobacterial biostimulants that enhance crop resilience.
- The study isolated and analyzed 34 strains of ACC-deaminase producing rhizobacteria from the Indian trans-Himalayas, showcasing their plant growth promotion abilities and strong enzyme activity.
- Field tests demonstrated that certain strains, particularly from the Pseudomonas genus, significantly improved crop growth and productivity under various stress conditions with reduced fertilizer use, benefiting crops like garlic, pea, and maize.
Anticancer peptides as novel immunomodulatory therapeutic candidates for cancer treatment.
Explor Target Antitumor Ther
August 2024
Article Synopsis
- Cancer treatment still faces challenges despite many years of research, with standard therapies like chemotherapy and radiation often leading to significant side effects and issues like drug resistance and relapse.
- Anticancer peptides (ACPs) emerge as a promising alternative, targeting cancer cells more specifically and offering benefits like low toxicity, apoptosis induction, and inhibition of tumor growth.
- The review highlights ACPs’ potential as innovative cancer treatments, addressing existing immunological challenges and improving patient outcomes while reducing side effects compared to traditional therapies.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers developed a genetically modified sugarcane resistant to red rot by introducing an endochitinase gene from Trichoderma spp., resulting in a six-fold increase in gene expression compared to normal plants.
- * The resistant transgenic plant (Chit 3-13) demonstrated improved sugar retention and disease resistance, indicating its potential for breeding programs to combat red rot and minimize losses in sugar content.
Article Synopsis
- Laboratory studies often focus on single stressors, while in nature, organisms face multiple stressors at once.
- This research used a microfluidic approach to combine physical (shear flow) and chemical (H2O2) stressors on a human pathogen, revealing that flow greatly enhances the effectiveness of H2O2 against bacteria.
- Findings indicate that natural levels of H2O2 and flow work together to impede bacterial growth, suggesting that studying multiple stressors is crucial for understanding real-life biological interactions.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers utilized biophysical simulations and microfluidic experiments, finding that increased fluid flow helps overcome bacterial resistance to various antimicrobials by enhancing their delivery.
- * The study highlights the importance of combining physical flow with chemical dosage in developing effective antimicrobials, suggesting that this strategy could be crucial in combating rising antimicrobial resistance.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to estimate the costs associated with cochlear implant surgeries in India, focusing on both healthcare system expenses and patients' out-of-pocket (OOP) costs.
- A bottom-up pricing model was utilized to gather comprehensive data on all resources needed for cochlear implantation services over the year, including specifics on medical evaluations and surgery costs.
- Key findings revealed that while the health system spent significantly on various components of the procedure, the average OOP expense for patients was quite high, highlighting the need for evidence-based policy to inform publicly funded health insurance plans in India.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates the presence and genotyping of an intestinal protozoan that causes gastroenteritis, specifically focusing on cases from a tertiary care center in Rajasthan, India, where it's often underreported.
- It involved 50 patients, with 36% experiencing diarrhea; notable findings included high rates of stunting and wasting in children under 12.
- The results indicated a predominance of assemblage B in 94% of the samples, suggesting potential zoonotic transmission.
Article Synopsis
- Point of care tests rapidly diagnose conditions with a turnaround time of around 15 minutes, and were especially crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic for detecting SARS-CoV-2.
- A review of literature identified 51 different validated point of care tests for SARS-CoV-2, utilizing various sample types like nasopharyngeal and nasal swabs.
- Many countries, including several states in India and others like the USA and South Korea, quickly developed these tests to address the urgent need for COVID-19 diagnostics.
Article Synopsis
- - The text highlights the growing need for accurate detection of various substances like heavy metals and pesticides in clinical, environmental, and food safety applications, and discusses advancements in portable colorimetric chemical sensing devices.
- - It reviews different types of colorimetry technologies including handheld, RGB-based, paper-based, and wearable devices, focusing on their principles, materials used like noble metal nanoparticles, and their practical applications.
- - Notably, noble metal nanoparticles enhance sensitivity and selectivity in these sensing devices, and their integration with smartphones allows for easy, cost-effective, and real-time analysis, revolutionizing monitoring capabilities.
Experimental exploration of estrogenic effects of norethindrone and 17α-ethinylestradiol on zebrafish (Danio rerio) gonads.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol
January 2024
Article Synopsis
- Synthetic progestins and xenoestrogens, such as Norethindrone (NET) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), have been studied for their effects on zebrafish reproductive health, focusing on varying doses and exposure times.
- Both drugs impacted the gonadosomatic index (a measure of reproductive health), with NET delaying egg maturation in females and EE2 suppressing sperm maturation in males; significant changes were observed when exposed to mixtures compared to individual drugs.
- Gene expression analysis showed variations in hormone receptor activity and reduced p53 levels after co-exposure, indicating potential risks for hormonal regulation and cancer development, suggesting the need for further studies in mammalian models.
Subcutaneous mycosis caused by filamentous basidiomycete -first report of human infection.
Med Mycol Case Rep
September 2023
Article Synopsis
- Filamentous basidiomycetes, a type of fungus, are increasingly causing infections in humans, especially in tropical and subtropical areas.
- This case highlights a subcutaneous infection caused by a shelf fungus in an immunocompetent male, marking the first documented instance of such a human infection.
- Successful identification of the fungus required genetic sequencing, and the patient recovered after surgery and targeted antifungal treatment.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on creating metal ion doped-BiO photocatalysts using a solution combustion method and characterizes them through various techniques to understand structural and optical properties.* -
- The synthesized photocatalysts, particularly Co/BiO, showed the highest efficiency in decontaminating organic pollutants like Rhodamine B and Triclopyr, following specific adsorption models that indicated spontaneous and favorable adsorption conditions.* -
- Results demonstrated that the addition of metal ions significantly enhances the photocatalytic performance by improving light absorption and charge carrier separation, with a proposed mechanism for pollutant degradation also discussed.*
Article Synopsis
- - This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Pre-eclampsia Integrated Estimate of Risk (fullPIERS) model in predicting complications for pregnant women with pre-eclampsia within the first 24 hours of admission.
- - Researchers tracked 256 women with pre-eclampsia over 48 hours to 7 days, finding that 39.5% experienced maternal complications, while 46.9% faced fetal complications, indicating significant risks.
- - The fullPIERS model showed strong predictive ability, with a ROC area of 0.843, and it demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity, particularly for maternal outcomes, making it a valuable tool for assessing risks in pre-eclampsia.
Development of Phonemically Balanced Passage, Oral Passage, and Nasal Passage in the Punjabi Language.
Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
June 2023
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to create phonemically balanced passages in Punjabi, designed to reflect the sound distribution in the spoken language using familiar words.
- Five speech-language pathologists validated the passages, after which 100 participants with normal hearing were tested for nasalence while reading them.
- The results showed varying nasalence scores for the different types of passages, indicating good reliability for assessing resonance disorders in Punjabi speakers.
Article Synopsis
- Progestin-only oral contraceptives like the 'minipill' are commonly used to prevent pregnancy and manage conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome and acne, but their impact on ovarian cancer is not well understood.
- This study focused on the synthetic progestin Norethindrone (NET) and evaluated its effects on SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells, discovering that NET significantly reduced cell growth and induced cell death through various biological mechanisms.
- The results indicated that NET may have a protective role against ovarian cancer by affecting key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, suggesting potential changes in treatment practices for women's health moving forward.
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted to investigate changes in cerebral perfusion CT (PCT) for the early diagnosis of dementia and to distinguish between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD).
- The research involved 25 dementia patients (15 with VaD and 10 with AD) and 25 age-matched controls, using advanced CT imaging to assess blood flow and other perfusion parameters in the brain.
- Findings indicated that PCT can effectively identify dementia types, showing significant differences in cerebral blood flow patterns between VaD and AD, and that these perfusion parameters correlate positively with cognitive assessments through the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA).
Article Synopsis
- Heterostructured nanomaterials, particularly nickel sulfides, show great promise for environmental applications like water purification and pollutant monitoring due to their desirable properties such as stability and cost-effectiveness.
- The review focuses on the advancement of nickel sulfide-based photocatalysts, detailing their synthesis, structural properties, and modifications that enhance their effectiveness in degrading organic contaminants in water.
- The findings suggest that these nickel sulfide photocatalysts can achieve degradation efficiencies comparable to more expensive noble-metal options, and the review also discusses future possibilities for their use in sustainable environmental remediation.
Article Synopsis
- * Recent interdisciplinary research has shed light on how flow affects various bacterial responses, including adhesion, movement, colonization, and gene expression.
- * The review focuses on four different bacterial species and outlines experimental methods to study their behavior in flow, highlighting that not all responses are due to shear forces and emphasizing flow-sensitive signaling in bacteria.
Article Synopsis
- - Cells in natural environments are affected by fluid flow, but most lab experiments, which use batch cell culture, overlook this factor in studying cell behavior and physiology.
- - Research using microfluidics and single-cell imaging reveals that the combination of fluid flow (shear rate) and chemical stress from hydrogen peroxide affects how human pathogens respond at a genetic level, in ways not seen in standard lab settings.
- - High shear rates in flowing conditions can significantly increase cells' sensitivity to low levels of hydrogen peroxide, aligning experimental conditions more closely with those in the human bloodstream, which helps explain how bacteria adapt to their natural environments.
Article Synopsis
- The article discusses how Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is used to analyze traumatic brachial plexopathy (TBP) by locating injured nerve segments and assessing the severity of the damage.
- It connects MRI findings of TBP with Sunderland's grading system for nerve injuries, which helps in developing treatment plans.
- The review introduces a new five-part approach for understanding the radiological anatomy of the brachial plexus and outlines the necessary MRI protocols and key imaging signs related to TBP.