Development of Protocol for the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) task force study to strengthen the implementation of National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD) in tribal population.

Understanding the health culture of tribal community is important as health problems among tribal communities and their care is influenced by sociocultural factors, which will help in the implementation of health services. The conventional way of improving the access for the general populations may not suit the tribal populations owing to their distinct culture and owing to health systems factors as well. A stepwise process was followed for the development of a protocol to study to strengthen the implementation of National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases.

Expanded phenotypic spectrum in MODY 5 patients with 17q12 deletion syndrome: experience from an Indian tertiary care hospital.

Objectives: To study the clinical and genotypic spectrum of patients with deletions (MODY 5) at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This study included four patients from the Department of Endocrinology at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Srinagar with a strong clinical suspicion of MODY 5. Genetic analysis, including a monogenic gene panel comprising 78 genes associated with MODY and other similar forms of monogenic diabetes, was done.

Germ Cell Tumors in 46, XY Gonadal Dysgenesis.

Introduction: To present the clinical data, investigative profile, management, and follow-up of patients with 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis with germ cell tumors from the endocrine unit of a tertiary care university hospital.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 3 cases of 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis with germ cell tumors evaluated and managed at the Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, over a period of 13 years from (September 2008 to December 2021).

Results: Over a period of 13 years, we diagnosed and managed 7 patients with 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis.

Correlation of Diabetes Related Factors with Vitamin D and Immunological Parameters in T2DM Kashmiri Population.

In this study, the role of inflammatory biomarkers and vitamin D in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their correlation with diabetes related factors (HbA1c, FPG, and insulin) was analysed. In this study, Kashmiri patients with T2DM and healthy individuals were considered as cases (n = 100) and controls (n = 100) respectively. Blood samples from both groups were collected, inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, CRP), as well as serum vitamin D levels, were estimated by ELISA.

Effects of pain education on disability, pain, quality of life, and self-efficacy in chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Low back pain stands as a prevalent contributor to pain-related disability on a global scale. In addressing chronic low back pain (CLBP), there is a growing emphasis on incorporating psychological strategies into the management process. Among these, pain education interventions strive to reshape pain beliefs and mitigate the perceived threat of pain.

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome due to novel mutation presenting as combined pituitary hormone deficiency and central diabetes insipidus.

Objectives: The genetic causes of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) remain elusive in 95 % of cases. The roundabout receptor-1 gene () plays critical roles in axonal guidance and cell migration. Recently, mutations in the gene have been reported patients with PSIS.

VDR downregulation and promoter hypermethylation as one of the causes for triggering type 2 diabetes mellitus: Clinical and molecular studies.

Background: Our present study was to investigate the methylation and Gene expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in the causing T2DM and to determine the inflammatory biomarkers in exaggerating T2DM in Kashmiri population.

Methods: In this study, T2DM cases ( = 100) and controls ( = 100) of Kashmiri population were designed. Blood samples were taken from both groups, and serum vitamin D levels, inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, CRP, Leptin and adiponectin) were estimated by ELISA.

Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, Control and Risk Factors in Tribal Population of India: a Multi-Centric Cross-Sectional Study.

The prevalence of hypertension is increasing in the tribal population of India. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes and acculturation, are the main reasons for the high prevalence of hypertension among the Indian indigenous (tribal) population. This paper reports hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and risk factors among tribes in five districts of different geographical zones of India.

Normative Data on Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate (DHEAS) and its Attributes in Healthy Indian Children and Adolescents.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), the biochemical indicator of adrenarche and pubarche, is of paramount importance in the evaluation of puberty-related disorders. The reference range of DHEAS should be ethnicity, age, sex, pubarche and Tanner stage specific. Anthropometry, puberty assessment and hormonal parameters were estimated using electrochemiluminescence assay.

Impact of empagliflozin add-on therapy on quality of life in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension: A prospective study.

Background: Diabetes has a negative impact on patient's quality of life (QoL). Comorbidities and polypharmacy further worsen their QoL. Thus, in addition to glycemic control, assessment of QoL is also gaining importance.

Biomarkers: Tools for Discriminating MODY from Other Diabetic Subtypes.

Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young (MODY), characterized by the pancreatic b-cell dysfunction, the autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and early age of onset (often ≤25 years). It differs from normal type 1 and type 2 diabetes in that it occurs at a low rate of 1-5%, three-generational autosomal dominant patterns of inheritance and lacks typical diabetic features such as obesity. MODY patients can be managed by diet alone for many years, and sulfonylureas are also recommended to be very effective for managing glucose levels for more than 30 years.

Role of human organic cation transporter-1 (OCT-1/SLC22A1) in modulating the response to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Organic cation transporter 1 primarily governs the action of metformin in the liver. There are considerable inter-individual variations in metformin response. In light of this, it is crucial to obtain a greater understanding of the influence of OCT1 expression or polymorphism in the context of variable responses elicited by metformin treatment.

Clinical profiling and screening for HNF4α and GCK gene mutations in Kashmiri patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY).

Aim: Maturity-onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) is a monogenic form of diabetes affecting 1-5% of young (often ≤25 years) diabetic patients exhibiting an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Considering the significance of genetic polymorphisms in a variety of diseases, this study aimed to determine the association between HNF4α and GCK gene polymorphisms and the risk of MODY in the Kashmir community, as well as their clinical differences.

Method: The study was conducted on clinically confirmed MODY patients (n = 50), and age and gender-matched controls (25 T1DM and 25 non-diabetic) recruited from the endocrinology department of the hospital, for evaluating the HNF4α and GCK mutation.

Environmental Factors as Diabetic Mediators: A Mechanistic Approach.

Despite substantial investment in research and treatment options, diabetes mellitus remains a pressing public health concern with potential epidemic proportions globally. There are reports that by the end of 2040, 642 million people will be suffering from diabetes. Also, according to an estimation, 1.

Clinical Manifestations of Hyperandrogenism and Ovulatory Dysfunction Are Not Associated with His1058 C/T SNP (rs1799817) Polymorphism of Insulin Receptor Gene Tyrosine Kinase Domain in Kashmiri Women with PCOS.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine metabolic disorder affecting premenopausal women. Besides primary features like anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries, women with PCOS present with multiple metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological disorders. The etiology is multifactorial and the different genetic variants are suggested to play an important role in pathogenesis.

Effect of steroid hormone receptor gene variants PROGINS (Alu insertion) and PGR C/T (rs1042839) as a risk factor for recurrent pregnancy loss in Kashmiri population (North India).

Aim: To unveil and evaluate the association and analyze the incidence and pattern of PGR gene polymorphisms (PROGINS insertion and PGR exon 5-C/T polymorphism) in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) couples of Kashmir.

Methods: In this study, analyses of PGR gene polymorphisms in RPL couples were genotyped by amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results: Molecular analysis of PGR gene polymorphisms indicated that the genotypic and allelic frequencies of PROGINS insertion and PGR exon 5 C/T polymorphisms of female group in cases and controls to be significantly different and poses risk in predisposition to RPL.

Lactic Acidosis in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Marker of Severity or Alternate Substrate for Metabolism.

Purpose: The lactate level is being increasingly used as a marker of severity of illness and prognosis in multitude of critical conditions. However, its role in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is not well defined.

Aim: To determine the prevalence and clinical importance along with the underlying role of metformin in lactic acidosis (LA) in patients admitted with DKA.

Effects of Single Dose of Dexamethasone on Perioperative Blood Glucose Levels in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Supratentorial Tumors - An Observational Study.

Introduction: Dexamethasone is commonly administered in intracranial tumors to reduce the cerebral edema. Its administration may be associated with hyperglycemia. The primary objective of this study was to study the magnitude of rise in blood sugar levels following the administration of a single 10 mg dose of dexamethasone.

The Clinical Spectrum of Fibrocalculous Pancreatic Diabetes in Kashmir Valley and Comparative Study of the Clinical Profile of Fibrocalculous Pancreatic Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) is a secondary form of diabetes, described from several tropical countries, including India. We described the existence of this entity in the subtropical region-the Kashmir valley of the Indian subcontinent and compared the clinical characteristics of these patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Aim: The present study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of patients with FCPD and those with T2DM to identify the characteristics distinctive of FCPD.

Disorders of Sex Development: A 10 Years Experience with 73 Cases from the Kashmir Valley.

Purpose: To present the clinical data, investigative profile, and management of patients with disorders of sex development (DSD) from the endocrine unit of a tertiary care university hospital.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 73 cases of DSD, evaluated and managed at Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, over a period of 10 years from September 2008 to August 2018.

Results: Twenty-nine patients (39.

Presentation, Morbidity and Treatment Outcome of Acromegaly Patients at a Single Centre.

Introduction: The management of acromegaly, a rare and potentially curable disease, has undergone a paradigm shift in the past few decades. Many of the treatment modalities recommended for acromegaly are either too expensive or not available in many parts of India. There is a dearth of treatment and outcome data in Indian patients.