Preliminary study on the toxicological response of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on landfill leachate treated with Tin(IV) chloride and Jatropha curcas.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the toxicity levels of the coagulation and flocculation process on raw and treated leachate using acute toxicity tests. Tin tetrachloride (SnCl ) and the Jatropha curcas (JC) seed were used as coagulant and coagulant aid to remove concentrated suspended solids, SS (534 mg/L), color (19,297 Pt-Co), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (4188 mg/L) in a stabilized landfill leachate. The toxicity effects on local red tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated, which involved three main steps, namely, acclimatization, range-finding test, and short-term definitive test.

Influence of Jatropha curcas seeds as a natural flocculant on reducing Tin (IV) tetrachloride in the treatment of concentrated stabilised landfill leachate.

Stabilised leachate usually contains lower concentration of organic compounds than younger leachate; it has low biodegradability and generally unsuitable for biological treatment. The effectiveness of tetravalent metal salts in a coagulation-flocculation (C-F) process is still inclusive. Application of natural coagulants as an alternative to the chemical could reduce chemical usage, is less costly, and environmentally friendly.

Chemical Waste and Allied Products.

This review of literature published in 2017 focuses on waste related to chemical and allied products. The topics cover waste management, aerobic treatment, anaerobic treatment, pharmaceutical wastewater, dye wastewater, agricultural wastewater, detergent wastewater, cosmetic wastewater, pigment wastewater.

Chemical Waste and Allied Products.

This review of literature published in 2016 focuses on waste related to chemical and allied products. The topics covered include waste management, aerobic waste treatment, anaerobic waste treatment, air emission, biological waste treatment, groundwater remediation, water recycle, water analysis, water reuse, soil remediation, sorption, physicochemical treatment, ozonation, and fertilizer waste. Future topics include the pollution effect on the environment, especially, to the ecosystem and human as well as improved treatment processes to alleviate the detrimental effects.