Direct and Indirect Measures of Attention Indicating a Bias Toward Cues in Methamphetamine Users.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the attentional bias toward drug-related stimuli along with subjective craving after encountering such stimuli in methamphetamine users. Studies of cue reactivity have confirmed a bias in attention and gaze toward drug-related stimuli for most substances; however, methamphetamine drugs are less studied through a direct measure, such as eye tracking.

Methods: A total of 30 male subjects in the case group (methamphetamine users) and 36 subjects in the control group (no prior drug use) participated in this study.

Endogenous attention biases transformational apparent motion based on high-level shape representations.

When two pre-existing, separated squares are connected by the sudden onset of a bar between them, viewers do not perceive the bar to appear all at once. Instead, they see an illusory morphing of the original squares over time. The direction of this transformational apparent motion (TAM) can be influenced by endogenous attention deployed before the appearance of the connecting bar.

Exploring the frame effect.

Probes flashed within a moving frame are dramatically displaced (Özkan, Anstis, 't Hart, Wexler, & Cavanagh, 2021; Wong & Mack, 1981). The effect is much larger than that seen on static or moving probes (induced motion, Duncker, 1929; Wallach, Bacon, & Schulman, 1978). These flashed probes are often perceived with the separation they have in frame coordinates-a 100% effect (Özkan et al.

A position anchor sinks the double-drift illusion.

When the internal texture of a Gabor patch moves orthogonally to its envelope's motion, the perceived path, viewed in the periphery, shifts dramatically in position, and direction relative to the true path (the double-drift illusion). Here, we examine positional uncertainty as a critical factor underlying this illusory shift. We presented participants with an anchoring line at different distances from the drifting Gabor's physical path.