A Retrospective Study on Correlation of Facial Fractures and Type of Trauma in Patients Admitted in Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of Stomatology National and Specialized Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan.

Background: Facial bone fractures represent a significant clinical challenge due to their prevalence and the complexity of treatment required. Understanding the demographic patterns, causes, and treatment outcomes of these injuries is crucial for improving patient care and developing targeted prevention strategies.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the demographic characteristics, etiological factors, anatomical distribution, and treatment modalities of patients presenting with facial bone fractures at Stomatology National and Specialized Hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan, during 2022.

Artificial intelligence assisted risk prediction in organ transplantation: a UK Live-Donor Kidney Transplant Outcome Prediction tool.

Predicting the outcome of a kidney transplant involving a living donor advances donor decision-making donors for clinicians and patients. However, the discriminative or calibration capacity of the currently employed models are limited. We set out to apply artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to create a highly predictive risk stratification indicator, applicable to the UK's transplant selection process.

Mitigation of Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson Mouse Model through Liposomal Coenzyme-Q10 Intervention: A Comprehensive In-vivo Study.

Parkinson's disease (PD) stands as the sec most prevalent incapacitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by deterioration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has garnered attention as a potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent and enhancer of mitochondrial complex-I activity. This study aimed to examine and compare the effectiveness of liposomal and non-encapsulated CoQ10 in rotenone induced-PD mouse model over a 21-day treatment duration.

Exploring the effects of supplementing monoterpenoids in based-diet in Improving the growth performance, feed efficiency, digestibility and body composition.

Monoterpenoids are interesting hydrocarbons typically found in essential oils and have a significant role in medicinal and biological purposes. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of two monoterpenoids, carvacrol (CAR) and menthol (MEN), supplemented with leaf meal (MOLM) based diets on growth parameters, digestibility and body composition of Nile tilapia (). Alongside the basal diet (control-T1), nine experimental diets supplemented with categorized levels of CAR and MEN at 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg individually and their mixtures (MIX) (1:1) (CAR-T2, 200; T3, 300; T4, 400 mg/kg, MEN-T5, 200; T6, 300; T7, 400 mg/kg and MIX- (1:1) T8, 200; T9, 300; T10, 400 mg/kg) were fed to the fingerlings (6.

Macrophage Activation Syndrome in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematous Triggered by Tuberculous Meningitis.

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), is characterized by systemic uncontrolled inflammation resulting from immune dysregulation secondary to various triggers, including genetics, infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is an immune dysregulation phenomenon, in which an underlying rheumatological disease is present. We report a rare, interesting case of a middle-aged female, with a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flare complicated by macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), in which tuberculous meningitis (TBM) was the identified trigger.

Olive oil and castor oil-based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of flurbiprofen can relieve peripheral pain and inflammation through reduction of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers: a comprehensive formulation and pharmacological insights.

Flurbiprofen (FBP) is poorly water-soluble BCS class II drug with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, used to treat arthritis and degenerative joint diseases. This study was aimed to develop SNEDDS loaded with FBP. Six SNEDDS using two oils olive oil (F, F, F) and castor oil (F, F, F) with three different Smix ratios consisting of Tween 20 and PEG 400 (1:1, 1:2, 2:1) were prepared and characterized.

Spatial Variation and Predictors of Women's Sole Autonomy in Healthcare Decision-Making in Bangladesh: A Spatial and Multilevel Analysis.

Knowing the spatial variation and predictors of women having sole autonomy over their healthcare decisions is crucial to design site-specific interventions. This study examined how women's sole autonomy over their healthcare choices varies geographically and what factors influence this autonomy among Bangladeshi women of childbearing age. Data were obtained from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18.

Surgical management of a large plunging ranula: A case report and review of diagnostic challenges.

Introduction: Ranulas are mucous cysts that arise from the sublingual gland due to ductal obstruction or trauma. Plunging ranulas, a rare variant, extend into the neck and often present diagnostic challenges. Definitive surgical management is necessary to prevent recurrence and ensure successful outcomes.

Therapeutic potential of 3-acetyl coumarin against polycystic ovarian syndrome induced by letrozole using female rats.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder characterized by ovarian cysts, anovulation, endocrine variations, which includes oligo-amenorrhea along with associated subfertility and hyperandrogenism manifested as acne, hirsutism, and male-pattern alopecia. Coumarins are fused benzene and pyrone ring systems that exhibit a wide spectrum of bioactivities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 3-acetyl coumarin (3-AC) on polycystic ovarian syndrome in female rats.

Retrospective derivation of a causal pathway for diabetic ketoacidosis in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Type 2 ketone-prone diabetes mellitus (T2KPDM) is thought to occur in men of African descent, with obesity who experienced prolonged hyperglycemia; the role of medication non-adherence as a contributing cause remains unstudied.

Research Design And Methods: This was a retrospective study of unique adults (>18 years) who sought emergency care one of four hospitals in the greater Detroit area. Patients were identified on the basis of a laboratory order for a ß-hydroxybutyrate concentration.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios as mortality predictors in acute Aluminum phosphide (grain pills) poisoning: clinical insights and risk assessment.

Background: Aluminum phosphides (AlP) is a solid fumigant pesticide known for its high toxicity and mortality. Diagnosis of AlP is based on the history and clinical examination. The literature on the early prediction of adverse outcomes following AlP exposure is limited.

Retention in care among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a low-resource setting.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the retention in care among a cohort of Egyptian people living with HIV (PLWHIV).

Method: The study was conducted on PLWHIV attending Kasr Alainy HIV and Viral Hepatitis Centre, Cairo, Egypt, from January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2023. PLWHIV were considered not retained in care if there was no documented clinical visit or HIV viral load (VL) or CD4 count test for more than 6 months from their last recorded visit or test.

Zinc supplementation for acute and persistent watery diarrhoea in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Zinc is a micronutrient that plays a role in immune system strengthening and regulation of intestinal epithelial cells, and can reduce the duration and severity of diarrhoea. We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effectiveness of zinc compared to no zinc for the management of acute and persistent diarrhoea in children.

Methods: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.

Low-osmolarity oral rehydration solution for childhood diarrhoea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is crucial in the management of diarrhoea. Until the early 2000s, the standard formulation of glucose-based ORS with a total osmolarity of 311 mmol/L was being used for this purpose. However, due to concerns about sodium levels and cases of hypernatremia, a low-osmolarity ORS solution (LORS) with an osmolarity of 245mmol/L or less was developed to replace the standard ORS.

Antibiotics for acute watery or persistent with or without bloody diarrhoea in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute and persistent watery diarrhoea has long been a subject of contention. While the advantages of using antimicrobials are acknowledged, concerns remain regarding potential adverse effects and antibiotic resistance. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of antibiotics compared to placebos for the treatment of diarrhoea.

The Paradox of Poor Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake for Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Kidney transplant recipients have an increased risk for developing and dying from cervical cancer compared with the general population due to their immunosuppressed state. As one of the cancers most amenable to an effective screening program, encouraging eligible women after transplantation to adhere to screening is critically important. Therefore, the observation that kidney transplant recipients may have a lower uptake of cervical cancer screening compared with the general population is concerning.

COMPARISON OF MEAN POSTOPERATIVE PAIN BETWEEN TOPICAL ANAESTHESIA AND RETROBULBAR ANAESTHESIA IN PATIENTS WITH PHACOEMULSIFICATION PROCEDURE FOR CATARACT SURGERY.

Background: The purpose of the study was to compare the mean post-operative pain in patients undergoing phacoemulsification for cataract with topical anaesthesia vs. retrobulbar anaesthesia.

Methods: An interventional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital of Islamabad.

Asymmetric Pore Windows in Pillar-Layered Metal-Organic Framework Membranes for H/CO Separation.

In this study, a novel ultramicroporous pillar-layered Ni-LAP-NH [Ni(l-asp)(Pz-NH)] (l-asp = l-aspartic acid, Pz-NH = aminopyrazine) membranes on porous α-AlO tubes with high performance and good thermal stability was first fabricated using isostructural Ni-LAP[Ni(l-asp)(Pz)] (Pz = pyrazine) crystals as seeds. Utilizing the principle of reticular chemistry, here, we introduced the active amino side group into the Ni-LAP frameworks by replacing the pillar-layered ligand Pz with Pz -NH while maintaining the original Ni-LAP small pore size, and the amino side group induced a "steric hindrance" effect and the physical adsorption affinity, which synergistically delayed CO penetration. It was found that the preferential (111) orientation Ni-LAP-NH membrane (Z10) exhibited a high H/CO separation performance with a separation factor of 41.

Sonic Hedgehog Is an Early Oligodendrocyte Marker During Remyelination.

Failure of myelin regeneration by oligodendrocytes contributes to progressive decline in many neurological diseases. Here, using in vitro and in vivo rodent models, functional blockade, and mouse brain demyelination, we demonstrate that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression in a subset of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells precedes the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), a major myelin sheath protein. Primary cultures of rodent cortical oligodendrocytes show that Shh mRNA and protein are upregulated during oligodendrocyte maturation before the upregulation of MBP expression.

Role of Pakistani e-libraries in promoting health awareness for the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal-3.

Background: Pakistan is a densely populated South Asian country. It is facing numerous health challenges, as well as problems of the digital divide. The government of Pakistan established e-libraries as a pilot project in 2018.

Therapeutic potential of d-limonene in rheumatoid arthritis: Modulation of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and prostaglandin E2.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent autoimmune disorder predominantly affecting the joint structures, eliciting inflammatory responses, and ultimately leading to degenerative changes without proper medical intervention. Ultimately, this can severely impair joint function and impact the patient's quality of life. Current treatment approaches include disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, corticosteroids, and biologic therapies for RA management.