Sleep physiology in patients with epilepsy: Influence of seizures on rapid eye movement (REM) latency and REM duration.

Objective: A well-established bidirectional relationship exists between sleep and epilepsy. Patients with epilepsy tend to have less efficient sleep and shorter rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Seizures are far more likely to arise from sleep transitions and non-REM sleep compared to REM sleep.

Source Imaging of Triphasic Waves and Other Encephalopathies.

Purpose: Triphasic waves (TWs) are defined as high-amplitude positive waveforms with preceding and after-going negative waves, typically seen in medically ill patients. TWs manifest in similar clinical presentations as other EEG encephalopathies; however, electrographically, they appear different. To better understand the difference, the authors used two different source localization software programs to find a reproducible and unique signature for TW.

Cervical Artery Dissection in Patients of African Ancestry.

Background And Purpose: The majority of published data in cervical artery dissection (CeAD), a common cause of stroke in young adults, derive from populations of European ancestry (EA), including a recent genome-wide study identifying an association with the rs9349379 polymorphism of the PHACTR1 gene. Little is known about CeAD in individuals of African ancestry (AA) despite robust epidemiological data showing increased risk of stroke at younger ages. We hypothesize that AA patients with CeAD have different epidemiology and clinical profiles compared to those of EA, and a different genetic architecture related to rs9349379 of the PHACTR1 gene.

F2-isoprostanes as a biomarker of oxidative stress in the mouse bladder.

Purpose: We theorized that progressive bladder dysfunction due to clinical diagnoses such as outlet obstruction occurs as a result of cyclical oxidative stress events. We hypothesized that measurement of F2-isoprostane, a marker of lipid peroxidation, could serve as a biomarker of oxidative stress in the murine bladder.

Materials And Methods: At age 5 to 6 weeks oophorectomized female mice were subjected to 1 of 2 bladder injury models, that is partial bladder outlet obstruction or acute bladder distension.