Impact of water stress under ambient and elevated carbon dioxide across three temperature regimes on soybean canopy gas exchange and productivity.

The present study investigated the interactive effects of three environmental stress factors elevated CO, temperature, and drought stress on soybean growth and yield. Experiments were conducted in the sunlit, controlled environment Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research chambers under two-level of irrigation (WW-well water and WS-water stress-35%WW) and CO (aCOambient 400 µmol mol and eCO-elevated 800 µmol mol) and each at the three day/night temperature regimes of 24/18 °C (MLT-moderately low), 28/22 °C (OT-optimum), and 32/26 °C (MHT-moderately high). Results showed the greatest negative impact of WS on plant traits such as canopy photosynthesis (P), total dry weight (TDwt), and seed yield.

Proteomics, physiological, and biochemical analysis of cross tolerance mechanisms in response to heat and water stresses in soybean.

Water stress (WS) and heat stress (HS) have a negative effect on soybean plant growth and crop productivity. Changes in the physiological characteristics, proteome, and specific metabolites investigated on molecular and cellular functions were studied in two soybean cultivars exposed to different heat and water stress conditions independently and in combination. Leaf protein composition was studied using 2-DE and complemented with MALDI TOF mass spectrometry.

Phosphorus Nutrition Affects Temperature Response of Soybean Growth and Canopy Photosynthesis.

In nature, crops such as soybean are concurrently exposed to temperature (T) stress and phosphorus (P) deficiency. However, there is a lack of reports regarding soybean response to T × P interaction. To fill in this knowledge-gap, soybean was grown at four daily mean T of 22, 26, 30, and 34°C (moderately low, optimum, moderately high, and high temperature, respectively) each under sufficient (0.

Co-regulation of photosynthetic processes under potassium deficiency across CO levels in soybean: mechanisms of limitations and adaptations.

Plants photosynthesis-related traits are co-regulated to capture light and CO to optimize the rate of CO assimilation (A). The rising CO often benefits, but potassium (K) deficiency adversely affects A that contributes to the majority of plant biomass. To evaluate mechanisms of photosynthetic limitations and adaptations, soybean was grown under controlled conditions with an adequate (control, 5.

Potassium Starvation Limits Soybean Growth More than the Photosynthetic Processes across CO Levels.

Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO) often enhances plant photosynthesis, growth, and productivity. However, under nutrient-limited conditions the beneficial effects of high CO are often diminished. To evaluate the combined effects of potassium (K) deficiency and eCO on soybean photosynthesis, growth, biomass partitioning, and yields, plants were grown under controlled environment conditions with an adequate (control, 5.

Varying Response of the Concentration and Yield of Soybean Seed Mineral Elements, Carbohydrates, Organic Acids, Amino Acids, Protein, and Oil to Phosphorus Starvation and CO Enrichment.

A detailed investigation of the concentration (e.g., mg g seed) and total yield (e.

Soybean grown under elevated CO benefits more under low temperature than high temperature stress: Varying response of photosynthetic limitations, leaf metabolites, growth, and seed yield.

To evaluate the combined effect of temperature and CO on photosynthetic processes, leaf metabolites and growth, soybean was grown under a controlled environment at low (22/18°C, LT), optimum (28/24°C, OT) and high (36/32°C HT) temperatures under ambient (400μmolmol; aCO) or elevated (800μmolmol; eCO) CO concentrations during the reproductive stage. In general, the rate of photosynthesis (A), stomatal (g) and mesophyll (g) conductance, quantum yield of photosystem II, rates of maximum carboxylation (V), and electron transport (J) increased with temperature across CO levels. However, compared with OT, the percentage increases in these parameters at HT were lower than the observed decline at LT.

Effects of growth temperature and carbon dioxide enrichment on soybean seed components at different stages of development.

Soybean plants were grown to maturity in controlled environment chambers and at the onset of flowering three temperature treatments were imposed that provided optimum [28/24 °C], low [22/18 °C] or high [36/32 °C] chamber air temperatures. In addition, plants were treated continuously with either 400 or 800 μmol mol CO. Seeds were harvested at 42, 53, 69 and 95 days after planting (i.

Genome-wide association mapping of soybean chlorophyll traits based on canopy spectral reflectance and leaf extracts.

Background: Chlorophyll is a major component of chloroplasts and a better understanding of the genetic basis of chlorophyll in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] might contribute to improving photosynthetic capacity and yield in regions with adverse environmental conditions.

Methods of mesophyll conductance estimation: its impact on key biochemical parameters and photosynthetic limitations in phosphorus-stressed soybean across CO2.

Despite the development of various methods, the rapid estimation of mesophyll conductance (gm ) for a large number of samples is still a daunting challenge. Although the accurate estimation of gm is critical to partition photosynthetic limitations by stomatal (Ls ) and mesophyll (Lm ) conductance and by photo-biochemical (Lb ) processes, the impact of various gm estimation methods on this is ambiguous. As phosphorus (P) starvation and elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) strongly affect photosynthetic processes, their combined effect on the proportional changes in these limitations are not well understood.

Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Diverse Soybean Genotypes Reveals Novel Markers for Nitrogen Traits.

Nitrogen is a primary plant nutrient that plays a major role in achieving maximum economic yield. Insufficient availability most often limits soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.

Association Mapping of Total Carotenoids in Diverse Soybean Genotypes Based on Leaf Extracts and High-Throughput Canopy Spectral Reflectance Measurements.

Carotenoids are organic pigments that are produced predominantly by photosynthetic organisms and provide antioxidant activity to a wide variety of plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway is highly conserved in plants and occurs mostly in chromoplasts and chloroplasts. Leaf carotenoids play important photoprotective roles and targeted selection for leaf carotenoids may offer avenues to improve abiotic stress tolerance.

Response of carbon assimilation and chlorophyll fluorescence to soybean leaf phosphorus across CO2: Alternative electron sink, nutrient efficiency and critical concentration.

To evaluate the response of CO2 assimilation rate (PN) and various chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) parameters to phosphorus (P) nutrition, soybean plants were grown in controlled environment with sufficient (0.50mM) and deficient (0.10 and 0.

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) in diverse soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes.

Using genome-wide association studies, 39 SNP markers likely tagging 21 different loci for carbon isotope ratio (δ (13) C) were identified in soybean. Water deficit stress is a major factor limiting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.

Carbon dioxide diffusion across stomata and mesophyll and photo-biochemical processes as affected by growth CO2 and phosphorus nutrition in cotton.

Nutrients such as phosphorus may exert a major control over plant response to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO2), which is projected to double by the end of the 21st century. Elevated CO2 may overcome the diffusional limitations to photosynthesis posed by stomata and mesophyll and alter the photo-biochemical limitations resulting from phosphorus deficiency. To evaluate these ideas, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was grown in controlled environment growth chambers with three levels of phosphate (Pi) supply (0.

Regulation of photosynthesis, fluorescence, stomatal conductance and water-use efficiency of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) under drought.

Drought is the major abiotic stress factor that causes extensive losses to agriculture production worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of photosynthesis and water-use efficiency parameters in 15 cowpea genotypes under well-watered and drought condition. Photosynthesis (A) and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv'/Fm') declined linearly with decreasing soil water content whereas intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE) increased under drought stress, suggesting stomatal regulation was a major limitation to photosynthesis.

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) genotypes response to multiple abiotic stresses.

The carbon dioxide concentration [CO(2)], temperature and ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) are concomitant factors projected to change in the future environment, and their possible interactions are of significant interest to agriculture. The objectives of this study were to evaluate interactive effects of atmospheric [CO(2)], temperature, and UVB radiation on growth, physiology and reproduction of cowpea genotypes and to identify genotypic tolerance to multiple stressors. Six cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.

Assessing genotypic variability of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) to current and projected ultraviolet-B radiation.

The current and projected terrestrial ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation affects growth and reproductive potential of many crops. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.