Peptide nucleic acid-clicked TiCT MXene for ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical detection of microRNA biomarkers.

We report the engineering and synthesis of peptide nucleic acid-functionalized TiCT MXene nanosheets as a novel transducing material for amplification-free, nanoparticle-free, and isothermal electrochemical detection of microRNA biomarkers. Through bio-orthogonal copper-free click chemistry, azido-modified MXene nanosheets are covalently functionalized with clickable peptide nucleic acid probes targeting prostate cancer biomarker hsa-miR-141. The platform demonstrates a wide dynamic range, single-nucleotide specificity, and 40 aM detection limit outperforming more complex, amplification-based methods.

Metal-organic framework-interfaced ELISA probe enables ultrasensitive detection of extracellular vesicle biomarkers.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) remains the prevailing method for quantifying protein biomarkers. Enzymatic signal generation and amplification are key mechanisms that govern its analytical performance. This study reports the synthesis and application of microscale metal-organic framework (MOF)/enzyme composite particles as a novel detection probe to substantially enhance the sensitivity of ELISA.

A highly selective and stable cationic polyelectrolyte encapsulated black phosphorene based impedimetric immunosensor for Interleukin-6 biomarker detection.

Due to the insufficiency of binding sites for the immobilized recognition biomolecules on the immunosensing platform, cancer detection becomes challenging. Whereas, the degradation of black phosphorene (BP) in the presence of the environmental factors becomes a concerning issue for use in electrochemical sensing. In this study, BP is successfully encapsulated by polyallylamine (PAMI) to increase its stability as well as to enhance its electrochemical performance.

A wearable battery-free wireless and skin-interfaced microfluidics integrated electrochemical sensing patch for on-site biomarkers monitoring in human perspiration.

In this study, an ultra-high sensitive, flexible, wireless, battery-free, and fully integrated (no external analysis equipment) electrochemical sensing patch system, including a microfluidic-sweat collecting unit, was newly developed for the on-site monitoring of the [K] concentration in human sweat. Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and MXene-TiCT based hybrid multi-dimensional networks were applied to obtain a high surface activation area and faster charge transfer rate, strongly adsorbing the valinomycin membrane to protect the ionophore for effective transshipment and immobilization of the [K]. Furthermore, the controllable porosity of carbon-based materials can accelerate the kinetic process of ion diffusion.

An Electrodeposited MXene-TiCT Nanosheets Functionalized by Task-Specific Ionic Liquid for Simultaneous and Multiplexed Detection of Bladder Cancer Biomarkers.

Controlled deposition of 2D multilayered nanomaterials onto different electrodes to design a highly sensitive biosensing platform utilizing their active inherent electrochemistry is extremely challenging. Herein, a green, facile, and cost-effective one-pot deposition mechanism of 2D MXene-TiCT nanosheets (MXNSs) onto conductive electrodes within few minutes via electroplating (termed electroMXenition) is reported for the first time. The redox reaction in the colloidal MXNS solution under the effect of a constant applied potential generates an electric field, which drives the nanoparticles toward a specific electrode interface such that they are cathodically electroplated.

Smart bandage with integrated multifunctional sensors based on MXene-functionalized porous graphene scaffold for chronic wound care management.

Three-dimensional (3D) porous laser-guided graphene (LGG) electrodes on elastomeric substrates are of great significance for developing flexible functional electronics. However, the high sheet resistance and poor mechanical properties of LGG sheets obstruct their full exploitation as electrode materials. Herein, we applied 2D MXene nanosheets to functionalize 3D LGG sheets via a C-O-Ti covalent crosslink to obtain an LGG-MXene hybrid scaffold exhibited high conductivity and improved electrochemistry with fast heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) rate due to the synergistic effect between LGG and MXene.

Highly flexible and conductive poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulfonate) anchored 3-dimensional porous graphene network-based electrochemical biosensor for glucose and pH detection in human perspiration.

The patterned LIG flakes are generally not interconnected due to the line gap of the laser ray, leading to lower uniform conductivity and fragile graphene. Thus, the fabrication of a highly conductive and mechanically robust LIG-based biosensing platform remains challenging. In this study, the fabrication of a flexible electrochemical biosensor is reported based on poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) modified 3-dimensional (3D) stable porous laser-induced graphene (LIG) for the detection of glucose and pH.