Phylogenetic analysis of variants of the Puumala virus (Hantaviridae: ) circulating in the Saratov region.

Unlabelled: The objective is to determine the complete nucleotide sequence and conduct a phylogenetic analysis of genome variants of the Puumala virus isolated in the Saratov region.

Materials And Methods: The samples for the study were field material collected in the Gagarinsky (formerly Saratovsky), Engelssky, Novoburassky and Khvalynsky districts of the Saratov region in the period from 2019 to 2022. To specifically enrich the Puumala virus genome in the samples, were used PCR and developed a specific primer panel.

Genetic features of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses A(H5N8), isolated from the European part of the Russian Federation.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) A(H5N8) of group B (Gochang1-like) have emerged in the Tyva Republic of eastern Russia in May 2016. Since November 2016, HPAIV A(H5N8) has spread throughout the European part of Russia. Thirty-one outbreaks were reported in domestic, wild and zoo birds in 2017.

On Burkholderiales order microorganisms and cystic fibrosis in Russia.

Background: Microbes infecting cystic fibrosis patients' respiratory tract are important in determining patients' functional status. Representatives of Burkholderiales order are the most dangerous. The goal of our investigation was to reveal the diversity of Burkholderiales, define of their proportion in the microbiome of various parts of respiratory tract and determine the pathogenicity of the main representatives.

[Some indices of trace elements and antioxidant status in rats under chromic intoxication].

There was investigated the effect of chronic Cr (VI) on the content of chromium, iron, copper; zinc, nickel in the blood of rats and activity of antioxidant enzymes of erythrocytes in Wistar rats. The chromium concentration has been shown to increase multifold while the level of other metal is more or less declining. Also it was found a decrease in the activity of such antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and the activation of the processes of free radical oxidation.

[Restoration of the blood rheological patients with cap on the background of arterial hypertension in the process of hospital treatment].

The parameters of blood rheology at constant and varying shear rates in 30 patients with community-acquired pneumonia on a background of hypertension and 30 patients with community-acquired pneumonia during treatment. When recovery of rheological properties of blood disorders are in 39-81% of patients.

[Monitoring the quality of drinking water and air in the industrial center].

The quality of potable water at the exit point for distribution networks and a network for three zones (central, east and northern) where the Orenburg population lived compactly were studied which showed its difference. The complex anthropogenic and total oxidative loads created by aqueous and air environments were calculated; the maximum values for inhabitants of the east part of the city were established, which correspond to the higher levels of nitrates, chlorides, and sulfates in the water and its general mineralization and general rigidity.

[Identification of the differences in the genes responsible for methionine biosynthesis in Bacillus anthracis strains and phylogeny-related species].

The comparative analysis of the gene sequences encoding the synthesis of enzymes responsible for the intermediary metabolism of methionine in Bacillus anthracis strains and in closely related bacterial species was carried out. Deletion of 42 nucleotides in the hom2 gene, which determines the homoserinedehydrogenase, is detected in all tested Bacillus anthracis strains. In the strains of other bacillar species hom2 gene mutation, which blocks up the tracts of methionine and threonine biosynthesis, was not identified.

[Production of mycobacterial antigenes merged with cellulose binding protein domain in order to produce subunit vaccines against tuberculosis].

Protein genes Ag85A, Esat-6, and Cfp10 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were sequenced using the database GenBank to implement selection and synthesis of primer pairs of given genes. PCR was used to obtain target amplicons of the genes. Chromosome DNA of M.

Effects of immunization with group a streptococcal antigens on the transplantability of mouse bone marrow stromal stem cells, counts of stromal precursor cells, and their osteogenic characteristics.

Immunization of CBA mice with killed group A streptococcus (type 5) vaccine changed the counts of stromal precursor cells (CFC-F) in bone marrow transplants at different donor-recipient combinations (normal, N, or immune, I). CFC-F counts in bone marrow transplants from normal mice transplanted to immunized animals decreased 4-6-fold depending on the transplant age in comparison with similar transplants in normal recipients. The percentage of CFC-F colonies with alkaline phosphatase (osteogenesis marker) activity decreased more than 2-fold.

[Association between the levels of metals and the intensity of oxidative stress in the body].

The hair levels of metals were measured in the workers of gas-and-chemical industry. The intensity of oxidative stress was estimated from the activity of antioxidative enzymes in the lysates of erythrocytes and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase. An association was found between the content of the metals under study and the intensity of free radical oxidation processes in persons engaged in different production cycles.

[Immunization of mice by group A streptococci and its effect on bone marrow stromal cells and level of serum cytokines].

Aim: To assess effect of continued immunization of mice from CBA line with inactivated group A streptococcal vaccine on levels of serum cytokines and number of stromal bone marrow progenitor cells in immunized mice and in heterotopic transplants after different variants of transplantation.

Materials And Methods: CBA mice were immunized during 3 weeks with heat-killed vaccine prepared from group A streptococci type 5. Levels of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines were measured with BioPlex device.

[Production of the recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in Escherichia coli and testing of its biological activity in vitro and in vivo].

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) represents the osteoinductive protein factor which plays a dominant role in growth and regeneration of a bone tissue. In clinical practice the bone grafting materials on the basis of rhBMP-2 are widely applied; the Russian analogues of similar materials are not produced. The fragment of the bmp2gene coding for a mature protein was cloned in Escherichia coli.

[Feasibility to use of recombinant domains of immunoglobulin-like protein LigA as a promising marker for serological testing of patients with leptospirosis].

Aim: To clone the DNA fragment encoding conservative domain of LigA protein of Leptospira interrogans into Escherichia coli and to investigate antigenic properties of constructed chimeric protein.

Materials And Methods: E. coli strain M15 [pREP4], recombinant plasmid pTT10 encoding cellulose-binding domain (CBD), restriction endonucleases BamHI, BglI, BglII, XbaI, T4 DNA-ligase, RNAse were used in the study.

[The chemical and trace element composition of water sources in the Orenburg Region].

The chemical composition of drinking water was studied by some indices: total mineralization, oxidability, harshness by different regional economic areas of an angoindustrial region. The content of trace elements, imbalance of which had been found by earlier studies, was determined. Higher water mineralization was ascertained in the central area, higher water harshness and oxidability were in the eastern area.

[Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in the Orenburg Region].

The environmental oxidative burden was established in the eastern, central, and western areas of the Orenburg Region. The rate of serum lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes was determined. The level of cholesterol and its distribution by the fractions of lipoproteins of different classes were studied in the region's residents.

[Isolation and characterization of collagen-binding domains from human von Willebrand factor].

DNA fragments encoding for two collagen binding decapeptides from the human von Willebrand factor (vWF-H1 and vWF-H2) were cloned in the Escherichia coil culture. Overproducing strains of the chimeric proteins vWF(H1)-CBD and vWF(H2)-CBD consisting of the corresponding decapeptide, Gly-Ser spacer and a cellulose binding domain (CBD) from Anaerocellum thermophilum were constructed. Using one-stage purification on cellulose, the highly purified samples of vWF(H1)-CBD and vWF(H2)-CBD proteins were obtained and the ability of these proteins to bind collagen was studied.

Effect of serum from mice immunized with group A streptococcus antigens on the efficiency of in vitro cloning of stromal precursor cells.

The efficiency of cloning of stromal precursor cell in mouse bone marrow culture increases significantly (2-3-fold) in the presence of serum from mice immunized with type 5 group A streptococcus antigens (5-20 microl serum/ml culture medium) in comparison with intact animal serum. The levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma are significantly reduced (2.7 times and more than 6-fold, respectively) in the sera of immunized mice in comparison with normal serum.

[Research into the immunogenic properties of the recombinant cellulose-binding domain of Anaerocellum thermophilum in vivo].

Development of new technology allows different antigens of a necessary degree of cleanliness to be obtained. This development is a major problem of modern medical biotechnology. A promising approach to this problem includes use of the affinity domains (tags) incorporated in structure of a recombinant antigen and capable to bind to corresponding sorbents.

[Impact of oxidative stress on the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia under the conditions of an industrial town].

The level of cholesterol and its distribution by the fractions of lipoproteins of different classes were studied in the dwellers of an industrial town. The persons living in the residential areas characterized by a high oxidative stress were observed to have higher blood cholesterol levels and dyslipoproteinemia.

[Free radical oxidation in the assessment of health risk].

Aliovalent metals (d-metals, such as manganese, nickel, iron, copper, chromium, etc.) which are able to change the degree of oxidation, to activate free radical oxidative processes, and to initiate the development of the condition that is currently defined as oxidative stress soundly and which are diagnostic criteria in the prenosological assessment of health risks are prominent among other priority ambient air pollutants. The findings suggest that there is a direct relationship between the calculated indices characterizing the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic effects, the risk of oxidative stress, the environmental availability of prooxidants, mainly d-elements (manganese, nickel, copper, zinc) and the actual values of an increase in the rate of lipid peroxidation, of a decrease in antioxidative activity, and of an elevation in the level of methemoglobin formation.

On the relationship between activation and breakdown of macrophages in the pathogenesis of silicosis (an overview).

Silica particles cause considerable damage to macrophages resulting in their eventual breakdown. At the same time, the development of silicosis involves a number of mechanisms associated with the activation of macrophages. In suggesting schemes for the pathogenesis of this disease many authors associate the central part with activation, completely neglecting damage to cells.

[Experimental study on risk factors of pneumoconiosis caused by dust in the industry of new construction materials containing glass and coal waste].

The study compared cytotoxicity and fibrogenic ability of quartzitic dust to that appearing at 3 sites of light building filler production based on ground glass or clinker. Obtained results prove possible pneumoconiosis development caused by exposure to such dust types, especially in the production using ground glass. The MAC in this type of production is 2 mg/cu m, for the dust in production using clinker the MAC is 4 mg/cu m.

[Method of comparative evaluation of cytotoxicity of low-soluble dust by lowered activity of 5-nucleotidase in macrophage culture].

The authors suggest a new method to evaluate cytotoxicity of silicosis-dangerous dust through lowered activity of 5'-nucleotidase, a marker of cytolemma, in macrophageal culture. The scientists used the new method to compare cytotoxicity of 4 groups of industrial dust and correlated the results with those obtained in the test of lowered viability of macrophages (by incorporation of trypan blue). Both tests appeared to have correlation of the dust ranks according to cytotoxicity grade.

[Significance of short-term cytotoxicity tests for hygienic assessment of industrial aerosols].

The evaluation of low-soluble particles toxicity for human phagocytes (primarily, for macrophages) was proved to have advantages in predicting their effects on the human body and in rapid toxico-hygienic regulation. The preference is given to tests "in vitro". If comparative toxicities of substances in group are discordant according to different "in vitro" tests the decision must be made after the "in vivo" evaluation of cytotoxicity: in 24 hours after the intratracheal administration of small doses of these low-soluble particles the bronchoalveolar lavage is examined cytologically.

[Hygienic regulation of dust of magnesium-silicate minerals and fireproof materials].

Chronic experiments on rats showed that the dust of silicomagnesian refractory and dunite (a raw material for refractory production) extracted in Kytlym differ insignificantly in fibrogenic activity, but rank below the quartzite extracted in Pervouralsk (MAC-1 mg/cu m). The short study analyzing the cytologic changes of bronchoalveolar lavage determined the cytotoxicity of silicomagnesian refractory and 4 other types of dunite. The estimated cytotoxicity also ranked below that of quartzite from Pervouralsk.