Placebo Control and Blinding in Randomized Trials of Procedural Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression.

Importance: Unlike medications, procedural interventions are rarely trialed against placebo prior to becoming accepted in clinical practice. When placebo-controlled trials are eventually conducted, procedural interventions may be less effective than previously believed.

Objective: To investigate the importance of including a placebo arm in trials of surgical and interventional procedures by comparing effect sizes from trials of the same procedure that do and do not include a placebo arm.

Utilising interactive focus groups to improve diabetic management within primary care.

Health literacy is influential in predicting the future health status of a patient, especially in chronic conditions such as diabetes. Factors influencing health literacy include language barriers. Population data from a general practice where we were on placement demonstrated 31.