Population Studies and Molecular Mechanisms of Human Radioadaptive Capabilities: Is It Time to Rethink Radiation Safety Standards?

The evolution of man on Earth took place under conditions of constant exposure to background ionizing radiation (IR). From this point of view, it would be reasonable to hypothesize the existence of adaptive mechanisms that enable the human organism to safely interact with IR at levels approximating long-term natural background levels. In some situations, the successful operation of molecular mechanisms of protection against IR is observed at values significantly exceeding the natural background level, for example, in cancer cells.

Subunits Med12 and Med13 of Mediator Cooperate with Subunits SAYP and Bap170 of SWI/SNF in Active Transcription in .

SAYP and Bap170, subunits of the SWI/SNF remodeling complex, have the ability to support enhancer-dependent transcription when artificially recruited to the promoter on a transgene. We found that the phenomenon critically depends on two subunits of the Mediator kinase module, Med12 and Med13 but does not require the two other subunits of the module (Cdk8 and CycC) or other subunits of the core part of the complex. A cooperation of the above proteins in active transcription was also observed at endogenous loci, but the contribution of the subunits to the activity of a particular gene differed in different loci.

Aluminum-Immobilizing Rhizobacteria Modulate Root Exudation and Nutrient Uptake and Increase Aluminum Tolerance of Pea Mutant E107 ().

It is well known that plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) increase the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses; however, the counteraction of Al toxicity has received little attention. The effects of specially selected Al-tolerant and Al-immobilizing microorganisms were investigated using pea cultivar Sparkle and its Al-sensitive mutant E107 (). The strain sp.

Strain sp. P-56 Produces Nonactin and Possesses Insecticidal, Acaricidal, Antimicrobial and Plant Growth-Promoting Traits.

Streptomycetes produce a huge variety of bioactive metabolites, including antibiotics, enzyme inhibitors, pesticides and herbicides, which offer promise for applications in agriculture as plant protection and plant growth-promoting products. The aim of this report was to characterize the biological activities of strain sp. P-56, previously isolated from soil as an insecticidal bacterium.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Bacterium sp. Strain D39, Inhabiting the Rhizosphere of Pea Plants (Pisum sativum L.).

We report the draft genome sequence of sp. strain D39, associated with the roots of pea plants. The genome is characterized by a GC content of 63.

Isolation and Characterization of 1-Hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxo-2-cyclohexene-1-acetic Acid, a Metabolite in Bacterial Transformation of Abscisic Acid.

We report the discovery of a new abscisic acid (ABA) metabolite, found in the course of a mass spectrometric study of ABA metabolism by the rhizosphere bacterium sp. P1Y. Analogue of (+)-ABA, enriched in tritium in the cyclohexene moiety, was fed in bacterial cells, and extracts containing radioactive metabolites were purified and analyzed to determine their structure.

Rhizobacteria Mitigate the Negative Effect of Aluminum on Pea Growth by Immobilizing the Toxicant and Modulating Root Exudation.

High soil acidity is one of the main unfavorable soil factors that inhibit the growth and mineral nutrition of plants. This is largely due to the toxicity of aluminum (Al), the mobility of which increases significantly in acidic soils. Symbiotic microorganisms have a wide range of beneficial properties for plants, protecting them against abiotic stress factors.

Pharmacological sequestration of mitochondrial calcium uptake protects against dementia and β-amyloid neurotoxicity.

All forms of dementia including Alzheimer's disease are currently incurable. Mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium alterations are shown to be involved in the mechanism of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Previously we have described the ability of compound Tg-2112x to protect neurons via sequestration of mitochondrial calcium uptake and we suggest that it can also be protective against neurodegeneration and development of dementia.

Phosphate Mobilization by Culturable Fungi and Their Capacity to Increase Soil P Availability and Promote Barley Growth.

Large-scale screening of 848 culturable soil and endophytic filamentous fungi and yeasts for the ability to mobilize inorganic and organic P compounds was performed. Five strains of filamentous fungi having the highest level of phosphate-mobilizing ability were selected: Penicillium bilaiae Pb14, P. bilaiae C11, P.

Accumulation and control of spin waves in magnonic dielectric microresonators by a comb of ultrashort laser pulses.

Spin waves in magnetic microresonators are at the core of modern magnonics. Here we demonstrate a new method of tunable excitation of different spin wave modes in magnetic microdisks by using a train of laser pulses coming at a repetition rate higher than the decay rate of spin precession. The microdisks are etched in a transparent bismuth iron garnet film and the light pulses influence the spins nonthermally through the inverse Faraday effect.

Two-dimensional array of iron-garnet nanocylinders supporting localized and lattice modes for the broadband boosted magneto-optics.

We demonstrate a novel all-dielectric magnetophotonic structure that consists of two-dimensional arrays of bismuth substituted iron-garnet nanocylinders supporting both localized (Fabry-Perot-like) and lattice (guided-like) optical modes. Simultaneous excitation of the two kinds of modes provides a significant enhancement of the Faraday effect by 3 times and transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect by an order of magnitude compared to the smooth magnetic film of the same effective thickness. Both magneto-optical effects are boosted in wide spectral and angular ranges making the nanocylinder array magnetic dielectric structures promising for applications with short and tightly focused laser pulses.

Multiperiodic magnetoplasmonic gratings fabricated by the pulse force nanolithography.

We propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, technique for magnetoplasmonic nanostructures fabrication based on the pulse force nanolithography method. It allows one to create the high-quality magnetoplasmonic nanostructures that have lower total losses than the gratings made by the electron-beam lithography. The method provides control of the surface plasmon polaritons excitation efficiency by varying the grating parameters such as the scratching depth or the number of scratches in a single period.

Subunits of the PBAP Chromatin Remodeler Are Capable of Mediating Enhancer-Driven Transcription in .

The chromatin remodeler SWI/SNF is an important participant in gene activation, functioning predominantly by opening the chromatin structure on promoters and enhancers. Here, we describe its novel mode of action in which SWI/SNF factors mediate the targeted action of an enhancer. We studied the functions of two signature subunits of PBAP subfamily, BAP170 and SAYP, in .

The Role of Symbiotic Microorganisms, Nutrient Uptake and Rhizosphere Bacterial Community in Response of Pea ( L.) Genotypes to Elevated Al Concentrations in Soil.

Aluminium being one of the most abundant elements is very toxic for plants causing inhibition of nutrient uptake and productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of microbial consortium consisting of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), rhizobia and PGPR for counteracting negative effects of Al toxicity on four pea genotypes differing in Al tolerance. Pea plants were grown in acid soil supplemented with AlCl (pH = 4.

[Hepatocellular carcinoma: new provisions of the WHO classification, 5th edition, 2019].

The WHO Classification of Digestive System Tumors (WHO, 5th Edition, 2019) presents new provisions on the morphological, molecular genetic, and therapeutic aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This classification versus the 2010 edition underwent substantial changes. Undifferentiated carcinoma (ICD-0: 8020/3) was excluded.

Microbial Consortium of PGPR, Rhizobia and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Makes Pea Mutant SGECd Comparable with Indian Mustard in Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation.

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most widespread and toxic soil pollutants that inhibits plant growth and microbial activity. Polluted soils can be remediated using plants that either accumulate metals (phytoextraction) or convert them to biologically inaccessible forms (phytostabilization). The phytoremediation potential of a symbiotic system comprising the Cd-tolerant pea ( L.

The Role of Root Exudates of Barley Colonized by in Enhancing Root Colonization by .

The aim of this study was to find out why after joint inoculation of the substrate with the phytopathogenic fungus and the antagonistic bacterium the amount of the fungus on the root surface in the beginning of the colonization was greater on the roots colonized by the bacterium than on control roots. This phenomenon is especially interesting because joint inoculation with was always followed by a considerable decrease in the incidence of Fusarium root rot. In two experiments barley was grown in sterile vermiculite inoculated only with , only with and jointly with the fungus and the bacterium.

Resonances of the magneto-optical intensity effect mediated by interaction of different modes in a hybrid magnetoplasmonic heterostructure with gold nanoparticles.

Here we demonstrate a novel magnetoplasmonic heterostructure for efficient control of light. It consists of gold nanoparticles embedded in a thin magnetic film covered with a gold layer pierced with periodic nanoslit array. Unique feature of the proposed structure is that it supports four different types of optical modes in the same frequency range including localized and propagating surface plasmons along with waveguide modes.

Paip2 cooperates with Cbp80 at an active promoter and participates in RNA Polymerase II phosphorylation in Drosophila.

The Paip2 protein is a factor regulating mRNA translation and stability in the cytoplasm. It has also been found in the nuclei of several cell types in Drosophila. Here, we aim to elucidate the functions of Paip2 in the cell nucleus.

Giant peak of the Inverse Faraday effect in the band gap of magnetophotonic microcavity.

Optical impact on the spin system in a magnetically ordered medium provides a unique possibility for local manipulation of magnetization at subpicosecond time scales. One of the mechanisms of the optical manipulation is related to the inverse Faraday effect (IFE). Usually the IFE is observed in crystals and magnetic films on a substrate.

Aluminum exclusion from root zone and maintenance of nutrient uptake are principal mechanisms of Al tolerance in L.

Our study aimed to evaluate intraspecific variability of pea ( L.) in Al tolerance and to reveal mechanisms underlying genotypic differences in this trait. At the first stage, 106 pea genotypes were screened for Al tolerance using root re-elongation assay based on staining with eriochrome cyanine R.

Generation of spin waves by a train of fs-laser pulses: a novel approach for tuning magnon wavelength.

Currently spin waves are considered for computation and data processing as an alternative to charge currents. Generation of spin waves by ultrashort laser pulses provides several important advances with respect to conventional approaches using microwaves. In particular, focused laser spot works as a point source for spin waves and allows for directional control of spin waves and switching between their different types.

The GAGA factor regulatory network: Identification of GAGA factor associated proteins.

The Drosophila GAGA factor (GAF) has an extraordinarily diverse set of functions that include the activation and silencing of gene expression, nucleosome organization and remodeling, higher order chromosome architecture and mitosis. One hypothesis that could account for these diverse activities is that GAF is able to interact with partners that have specific and dedicated functions. To test this possibility we used affinity purification coupled with high throughput mass spectrometry to identify GAF associated partners.

Role of Gene Variants in Interethnic Differences in the Development of Cardio-Metabolic Diseases.

Cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs) comprise a cluster of risk factors that contribute to chronic pathological conditions with adverse consequences for cardiovascular function and metabolic processes. A wide range of CMD prevalence rates among different ethnic groups has been documented. In view of accumulated evidence, there is a trend toward increasing CMD prevalence rates in Eastern Europe and Western Asia.