A longitudinal study of blood pressure circadian rhythm from childhood to early adulthood.

Altered blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythmicity has been increasingly linked with cardiovascular risk. However, little is known about BP circadian rhythm change with age and its possible sociodemographic, anthropometric, and genetic moderators. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP was measured up to 16 times over a 23-year period in 339 European Americans (EAs) and 293 African Americans (AAs), with an average age of 15 years at the initial visit.

Racial disparities in the relationship of regional socioeconomic status and colorectal cancer survival in the five regions of Georgia.

Introduction: The study's purpose was to examine 5-year colorectal cancer (CRC) survival rates between White and Black patients. We also determined whether regional socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with CRC survival between White and Black patients in the Clayton, West Central, East Central, Southeast, and Northeast Georgia public health districts.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using data from the 1975 to 2016 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program.

Nocturnal blood pressure dipping, blood pressure variability, and cognitive function in early and middle-aged adults.

Higher nighttime blood pressure (BP), less BP dipping, and higher BP variability have been linked with worse cognitive function in the elderly. The goal of this study is to explore whether this relationship already exists in early and middle adulthood. We further examined whether ethnic differences between African Americans and European Americans in BP parameters can explain ethnic differences in cognitive function.

Age, sex and race distribution of accelerometer-derived sleep variability in US school-aged children and adults.

Sleep variability (e.g. intra-individual variabilities in sleep duration or sleep timing, social jetlag, and catch-up sleep) is an important factor impacting health and mortality.

Sleep Variability, Sleep Irregularity, and Nighttime Blood Pressure Dipping.

Background: Circadian rhythm regulates many important biological functions in humans. The goal of this study is to explore the impact of day-to-day deviations in the sleep-wake cycle on nighttime blood pressure (BP) dipping and further examine whether the ethnic difference in day-to-day deviations in sleep patterns can explain the ethnic difference in nighttime BP dipping.

Methods: Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP monitoring and 7-day accelerometer data were obtained from 365 adult participants (age range, 18.

Day-to-day deviations in sleep parameters and biological aging: Findings from the NHANES 2011-2014.

Objectives: The majority of the previous research has focused on the impact of average sleep parameters on longevity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations of day-to-day deviations in sleep parameters with biological ages among 6052 adults participating in the 2011-2014 waves of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Methods: Sleep parameters, including sleep duration, efficiency, midpoint, and day-to-day deviations in sleep parameters, including standard deviation of sleep duration (sleep variability), standard deviation of sleep midpoint (sleep irregularity), catch-up sleep, and social jetlag, were obtained from 4 to 7 days of 24-h accelerometer recording.

Characterization of Resting-State Functional Connectivity Changes in Hypertension by a Modified Difference Degree Test.

Hypertension affects over a billion people worldwide, and the application of neuroimaging may elucidate changes brought about by the disease. We have applied a graph theory approach to examine the organizational differences in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data between hypertensive and normotensive participants. To detect these groupwise differences, we performed statistical testing using a modified difference degree test (DDT).

Age, sex and race distribution of accelerometer-derived sleep variability in US school-aged children and adults.

Background: Sleep variability (e.g. intra-individual variabilities in sleep duration or sleep timing, social jetlag, and catch-up sleep) is an important factor impacting health and mortality.

Blunted rest-activity circadian rhythm increases the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality in US adults.

To examine whether rest-activity circadian rhythm parameters can predict all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality in a general adult population of the US. We further compared the mortality predictive performance of these parameters with that of traditional risk factors. This study included 7,252 adults from US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2011-2014, who had wrist accelerometer data obtained at baseline and follow-up status linked to the National Death Index records (2011-2019).

Blunted Rest-Activity Circadian Rhythm Is Associated With Increased Rate of Biological Aging: An Analysis of NHANES 2011-2014.

Impaired rest-activity circadian rhythm has been associated with increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Animals with mutations in clock genes display accelerated aging and shortened life span. Whether impaired rest-activity circadian rhythm is also associated with processes of aging in humans has not been explored.

Neuropsychiatric sequelae of long COVID-19: Pilot results from the COVID-19 neurological and molecular prospective cohort study in Georgia, USA.

Background: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, there has been a growing interest in the chronic sequelae of COVID-19. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are observed in the acute phase of infection, but there is a need for accurate characterization of how these symptoms evolve over time. Additionally, African American populations have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Epidemiology of accelerometer-based sleep parameters in US school-aged children and adults: NHANES 2011-2014.

We aimed to provide objectively measured sleep parameters across lifespan by sex and race in a national representative sample of US population. The study included 11,279 participants 6 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014, who had at least 3 days of valid sleep parameters calculated from 7-day 24-h accelerometer recording. Sleep duration showed a U-shaped association with age and reached the minimum at age 40 and started to increase again around age 50.

Blunted rest-activity rhythm is associated with increased white blood-cell-based inflammatory markers in adults: an analysis from NHANES 2011-2014.

Circadian rhythm disruption is associated with immune system disturbance and has been observed in many health problems where chronic-inflammation acts as a major contributor. We aim to examine whether rest-activity circadian rhythm is associated with chronic inflammation using white blood-cell-based inflammatory indices including white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). We analyzed the data from 8089 adults (age≥20) with at least 4 days of validated accelerometer recordings and a valid WBC count from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014.

Rest-activity circadian rhythm and impaired glucose tolerance in adults: an analysis of NHANES 2011-2014.

Introduction: Circadian rhythm disturbance occurs in type 2 diabetes, yet it is unknown whether it also exists in the prediagnostic phase of the disease. Thus, we examined the association of rest-activity circadian rhythm with 2-hour glucose levels and the risk of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in a nationally representative sample of adults without diabetes using a cross-sectional design.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed data from 2760 adults without diabetes (age ≥20) with at least 4 days of validated accelerometer recordings and a valid oral glucose tolerance test from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014.

Ethnic differences and heritability of blood pressure circadian rhythm in African and European American youth and young adults.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythm in African Americans differed from that in European Americans. We further examined the genetic and/or environmental sources of variances of the BP circadian rhythm parameters and the extent to which they depend on ethnicity or sex.

Method: Quantification of BP circadian rhythm was obtained using Fourier transformation from the ambulatory BP monitoring data of 760 individuals (mean age, 17.

Diurnal Cortisol Slope and Nighttime Blood Pressure: A Study in European Americans and African Americans.

Objectives: African Americans (AAs) have higher nighttime blood pressure (BP) than European Americans (EAs). Stress has been suggested to play a role in this difference, but the mechanism is not well-understood. Flatter diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) is a well-known biological marker of stress.

Decreased heritability and emergence of novel genetic effects on pulse wave velocity from youth to young adulthood.

Increased arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an important parameter in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. Our previous longitudinal study has demonstrated that carotid-distal PWV showed reasonable stability throughout youth and young adulthood. This stability might be driven by genetic factors that are expressed consistently over time.

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index in the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council World War II Veteran Twin Registry.

Blood pressure (BP) and obesity phenotypes may covary due to shared genetic or environmental factors or both. Furthermore, it is possible that the heritability of BP differs according to obesity status-a form of G×E interaction. This hypothesis has never been tested in White twins.

High-Mobility Group Box-1 Is Associated With Obesity, Inflammation, and Subclinical Cardiovascular Risk Among Young Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Objective: We aimed to characterize circulating HMGB1 (high-mobility group box-1) levels, one of the better-characterized damage-associated molecular patterns, with respect to age, sex, and race in the general population, and investigate the longitudinal associations of HMGB1 with inflammatory markers, obesity, and preclinical markers of cardiovascular disease. Approach and Results: The analyses included 489 participants (50% Blacks, aged 24.6±3.

Effectiveness of Social Cognitive Theory-Based Interventions for Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: For those living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), failing to engage in self-management behaviors leads to poor glycemic control. Social cognitive theory (SCT) has been shown to improve health behaviors by altering cognitive processes and increasing an individual's belief in their ability to accomplish a task.

Objective: We aim to present a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to systematically identify, evaluate, and analyze the effect of SCT-based interventions to improve glycemic control in adults with T2DM.

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Are Associated with Mental Health and Psychosocial Stress in Young Adults.

We aimed to test the hypothesis that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration is associated with mental health and life stress measures in young adults and investigate gender and racial disparities in these associations. This study comprised 327 black and white participants. Depression, trait anxiety, perceived stress, and hostility were measured by the following validated instruments: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (CMHS).

Identification, Heritability, and Relation With Gene Expression of Novel DNA Methylation Loci for Blood Pressure.

We conducted an epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis on blood pressure (BP) in 4820 individuals of European and African ancestry aged 14 to 69. Genome-wide DNA methylation data from peripheral leukocytes were obtained using the Infinium Human Methylation 450k BeadChip. The epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis identified 39 BP-related CpG sites with <1×10.

Cigarette smoking related DNA methylation in peripheral leukocytes and cardiovascular risk in young adults.

There is strong evidence linking changes in DNA methylation with cigarette smoking, and smoking has long been associated with cardiovascular disease; however not many studies have investigated the effects of smoking related DNA methylation changes on cardiovascular risk, especially in young adults. We explored this relationship in 480 African American and European American men and women aged 27.3 ± 3.

Body Mass Index Drives Changes in DNA Methylation: A Longitudinal Study.

Rationale: Previous EWASs (Epigenome-Wide Association Studies) suggest that obesity may be the cause, not a consequence, of changes in DNA methylation (DNAm). However, longitudinal observations are lacking.

Objective: To identify 5'-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3' in DNA (CpG) sites associated with body mass index (BMI) and examine the temporal relationship between dynamic changes in DNAm and BMI in a longitudinal cohort.