A reinforcement learning based memetic algorithm for energy-efficient distributed two-stage flexible job shop scheduling problem.

Given the increasingly severe environmental challenges, distributed green manufacturing has garnered significant academic and industrial interest. This paper addresses the distributed two-stage flexible job shop scheduling problem (DTFJSP) under time-of-use (TOU) electricity pricing, with the objective of minimizing both makespan and total energy consumption costs (TEC). To tackle the problem, a hybrid memetic algorithm (HMA) is proposed.

Effects of Dingchuan Decoction on Lung Function and Clinical Effectiveness Rate in Children with Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Dingchuan decoction (DCD) is a traditional Chinese prescription for asthma that remains popular today. To systematically evaluate the effect of DCD on lung function, clinical effectiveness rate, and safety in children with asthma, significant databases were searched for randomized controlled trials from their inception to September 9, 2019. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of DCD on lung function and clinical effectiveness rate in children with asthma were included in this meta-analysis.

Altered endocrine and autocrine metabolism of vitamin D in a mouse model of gastrointestinal inflammation.

The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, [1,25(OH)2D3] has potent actions on innate and adaptive immunity. Although endocrine synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3 takes place in the kidney, the enzyme that catalyzes this, 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27b1 in humans, Cyp27b1 in mice), is expressed at many extra-renal sites including the colon. We have shown previously that colonic expression of CYP27b1 may act to protect against the onset of colitis.

Substrate and enzyme trafficking as a means of regulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D synthesis and action: the human innate immune response.

Tissue availability of the active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D] is dependent on expression of the activating enzyme 1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27b1) and its catabolic counterpart 24-hydroxylase (CYP24). The activity of these two enzymes is in turn controlled by factors including affinity of the serum vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) for 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]; the availability of enzyme cofactors; and the relative amount of hydroxylase gene product expressed. In recent years, it has become clear that directed trafficking of substrate and enzyme is also a pivotal component of the regulated process of hormone synthesis by both renal and extrarenal tissues expressing the CYP27b1 and CYP24 genes.

Sodium ion internalized within phospholipid membranes.

Seven phospholipids, modified with ester groups in their hydrophobic chains, were synthesized and examined for their ability to promote sodium ion flux across vesicular membranes. It was found by 23Na NMR that only the phospholipids having short chain segments beyond their terminal ester groups catalyze sodium ion transfer by up to 2 orders of magnitude relative to a conventional phospholipid, POPC. The rates increase with the concentration of the ester-phospholipid admixed with POPC in the bilayer.

Alternative splicing of vitamin D-24-hydroxylase: a novel mechanism for the regulation of extrarenal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D synthesis.

Synthesis of the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)(2)D), by renal epithelial cells is tightly controlled during normal calcium homeostasis. By contrast, macrophage production of 1,25-(OH)(2)D is often dysregulated with potential hypercalcemic complications. We have postulated that this is due to abnormal catabolism of 1,25-(OH)(2)D by the feedback control enzyme, vitamin D-24-hydroxylase (CYP24).

Response element binding proteins and intracellular vitamin D binding proteins: novel regulators of vitamin D trafficking, action and metabolism.

Using vitamin D-resistant New World primates as model of natural diversity for sterol/steroid action and metabolism, two families of novel intracellular vitamin D regulatory proteins have been discovered and their human homologs elucidated. The first family of proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), initially considered to function only as pre-mRNA-interacting proteins, have been demonstrated to be potent cis-acting, trans-dominant regulators of vitamin D hormone-driven gene transactivation. The second group of proteins bind 25-hydroxylated vitamin D metabolites.

Regulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d synthesis by intracellular vitamin d binding protein-1.

Control of 125-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) synthesis is believed to be primarily at the level of expression of the vitamin D-1-hydroxylase (CYP1alpha; CYP1alpha) gene. Once transcribed, generation of product, as catalyzed by 1-hydroxylase, depends upon the availability of various co-factors, molecular oxygen, electrons as well as substrate to the enzyme. Here we provide evidence that the quantity of product 1,25-(OH)2D generated also relies on the presence and level of expression of the intracellular vitamin D binding protein-1 (IDBP-1) and its capacity to promote 24-hydroxylase (CYP24) gene expression.