Identification of immunization-related new prognostic biomarkers for papillary renal cell carcinoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis.

Background: Despite papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) being the second most common type of kidney cancer, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Targeted therapies in the past have not been successful because of the lack of a clear understanding of the molecular mechanism. Hence, exploring the underlying mechanisms and seeking novel biomarkers for pursuing a precise prognostic biomarker and appropriate therapies are critical.

Crucial Roles of 5-HT and 5-HT2 Receptor in Diabetes-Related Lipid Accumulation and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Generation in Hepatocytes.

Background/aims: Previously, we confirmed that liver-synthesized 5-HT rather than non-liver 5-HT, acting on the 5-HT2 receptor (5-HT2R), modulates lipid-induced excessive lipid synthesis (ELS). Here, we further revealed the effects of the hepatocellular 5-HT system in diabetes-related disorders.

Methods: Studies were conducted in male ICR mice, human HepG2 cells, and primary mouse hepatocytes (PMHs) under gene or chemical inhibition of the 5-HT system, key lipid metabolism, and inflammation-related factors.

Combination therapy of chitosan, gynostemma, and motherwort alleviates the progression of experimental rat chronic renal failure by inhibiting STAT1 activation.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of single and combination therapy using chitosan (K), gynostemma (J), and motherwort (Y) on an experimental rat model of chronic renal failure (CRF) induced by adenine and the underlying mechanisms. CRF rats were treated with individual or combinational therapy with two or three of these agents. Biochemical indicators showed that the levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid decreased and the levels of albumin and hemoglobin increased by single or combination therapy of these drugs.

Effective treatment with combination of peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine synthetic inhibitor and 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 receptor antagonist on glucocorticoid-induced whole-body insulin resistance with hyperglycemia.

Aims/introduction: Our previous study found that dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance (IR) was involved in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) synthesis and 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 receptor (5-HT R) in the periphery. The present study examined the effects of inhibitions of both peripheral 5-HT synthesis and 5-HT R on dexamethasone-induced IR.

Materials And Methods: Male rats were exposed to dexamethasone for 10 days, then treated with or without a 5-HT R antagonist, sarpogrelate, a 5-HT synthetic inhibitor, carbidopa, alone or in combination for 20 days.

The Effects of Xiangqing Anodyne Spray on Treating Acute Soft-Tissue Injury Mainly Depend on Suppressing Activations of AKT and p38 Pathways.

Objectives. In the present study we try to elucidate the mechanism of Xiangqing anodyne spray (XQAS) effects on acute soft-tissue injury (STI). Methods.

5-HT 2 receptor mediates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and very low density lipoprotein overproduction in rats.

Background: 5-HT has been shown to mediate abnormality of hepatic lipid metabolism through activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). However, it is unclear whether 5-HT is directly involved in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis.

Materials And Methods: Male rats were allocated into seven groups with control, either HFD feeding, 5-HT treatment, or HFD feeding and 5-HT treatment with or without sarpogrelate treatment, all of which were executed for 4 weeks.

Long-term Stress with Hyperglucocorticoidemia-induced Hepatic Steatosis with VLDL Overproduction Is Dependent on both 5-HT2 Receptor and 5-HT Synthesis in Liver.

Hepatic triglycerides production and adipose lipolysis are pivotal for long-term stress (LTS) or hyperglucocorticoidemia-induced insulin resistance. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has been demonstrated to induce hepatic lipid metabolic abnormality by activating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In present study, we explored whether 5-HT is involved in LTS effects in liver using restraint stress-exposed rats and cultured primary rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells.

Important role of 5-hydroxytryptamine in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance in liver and intra-abdominal adipose tissue of rats.

Aim/introduction: Both glucocorticoids and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) have been shown to induce insulin resistance (IR) in hepatocytes and adipocytes. Here, we explore whether there is a correlation between them.

Materials And Methods: Except for the control group, male rats were exposed to dexamethasone treated with or without para-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA), or carbidopa for 20 days.