2-Bromopalmitate-Induced Intestinal Flora Changes and Testicular Dysfunction in Mice.

2-Bromopalmitate (2-BP) is a palmitoylation inhibitor that can prevent the binding of palmitic acid to proteins, thereby exhibiting significant effects in promoting inflammation and regulating the immune system. However, limited research has been conducted regarding the direct effects of 2-BP on the animal organism. Therefore, we probed mice injected with 2-BP for altered expression of inflammatory genes, with a focus on demonstrating changes in the intestinal flora as well as damage to the reproductive system.

Regulation mechanism of nitrite degradation in Lactobacillus plantarum WU14 mediated by Fnr.

Fumarate and nitrate reduction regulatory protein (Fnr)-a global transcriptional regulator-can directly or indirectly regulate many genes in different metabolic pathways at the top of the bacterial transcription regulation network. The present study explored the regulatory mechanism of Fnr-mediated nitrite degradation in Lactobacillus plantarum WU14 through gene transcription and expression analysis of oxygen sensing and nir operon expression regulation by Fnr. The interaction and the mechanism of transcriptional regulation between Fnr and GlnR were also examined under nitrite stress.

Transcriptome analysis reveals EBF1 ablation-induced injuries in cardiac system.

Regulatory processes of transcription factors (TFs) shape heart development and influence the adult heart's response to stress, contributing to cardiac disorders. Despite their significance, the precise mechanisms underpinning TF-mediated regulation remain elusive. Here, we identify that EBF1, as a TF, is highly expressed in human heart tissues.

Monkeypox virus protein H3L induces injuries in human and mouse.

Monkeypox virus (MPV) is known to inflict injuries and, in some cases, lead to fatalities in humans. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for its pathogenicity remain poorly understood. We investigated functions of MPV core proteins, H3L, A35R, A29L, and I1L, and discovered that H3L induced transcriptional perturbations and injuries.

Arginine Biosynthesis Mediates Wulingzhi Extract Resistance to Busulfan-Induced Male Reproductive Toxicity.

Busulfan, an indispensable medicine in cancer treatment, can cause serious reproductive system damage to males as a side effect of its otherwise excellent therapeutic results. Its widespread use has also caused its accumulation in the environment and subsequent ecotoxicology effects. As a Chinese medicine, Wulingzhi (WLZ) has the effects of promoting blood circulation and improving female reproductive function.

Paternal obesity induces subfertility in male offspring by modulating the oxidative stress-related transcriptional network.

Background/objective: The effects of fathers' high-fat diet (HFD) on the reproductive health of their male offspring (HFD- F1) remain to be elucidated. Parental obesity is known to have a negative effect on offspring fertility, but there are few relevant studies on the effects of HFD-F1 on reproductive function.

Methods: We first succeeded in establishing the HFD model, which provides a scientific basis in the analysis of HFD-F1 reproductive health.

Exploring novel function of Gpx5 antioxidant activity: Assisting epididymal cells secrete functional extracellular vesicles.

Glutathione peroxisomal-5 (Gpx5) promotes the elimination of HO or organic hydrogen peroxide, and plays an important role in the physiological process of resistance to oxidative stress (OS). To directly and better understand the protection of Gpx5 against OS in epididymal cells and sperm, we studied its mechanism of antioxidant protection from multiple aspects. To more directly investigate the role of Gpx5 in combating oxidative damage, we started with epididymal tissue morphology and Gpx5 expression profiles in combination with the mouse epididymal epithelial cell line PC1 (proximal caput 1) expressing recombinant Gpx5.

Seasonal modulation of the testis transcriptome reveals insights into hibernation and reproductive adaptation in Onychostoma macrolepis.

The Onychostoma macrolepis have a unique survival strategy, overwintering in caves and returning to the river for reproduction in summer. The current knowledge on the developmental status of its testes during winter and summer is still undiscovered. We performed RNA-seq analysis on O.

Trisomy 21-driven metabolite alterations are linked to cellular injuries in Down syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) arises from a genetic anomaly characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (exCh21). Despite high incidence of congenital diseases among DS patients, direct impacts of exCh21 remain elusive. Here, we established a robust DS model harnessing human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from mosaic DS patient.

Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers for Compensatory Liver Cirrhosis Based on Gut Microbiota and Urine Metabolomics Analyses.

Liver cirrhosis is one of the most prevalent chronic liver disorders with high mortality. We aimed to explore changed gut microbiome and urine metabolome in compensatory liver cirrhosis (CLC) patients, thus providing novel diagnostic biomarkers for CLC. Forty fecal samples from healthy volunteers (control: 19) and CLC patients (patient: 21) were undertaken 16S rDNA sequencing.

Profilin1 Promotes Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Apoptosis in Diabetic Nephropathy Through the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway.

Background: Profilin-1 (PFN1) regulates the dynamic balance of actin and plays an important role in cell functions as a hub protein in signaling molecule interaction networks. Dysregulation of PFN1 is related to pathologic kidney diseases. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) was recently reported as an inflammatory disorder, however, the molecular mechanisms of PFN1 in DN remain unclear.

The aging of glymphatic system in human brain and its correlation with brain charts and neuropsychological functioning.

This study aimed to investigate the aging of the glymphatic system in healthy adults, and to determine whether this change is correlated with the brain charts and neuropsychological functioning. Two independent brain 3.0 T MRI datasets were analyzed: a public dataset and our hospital-own dataset from two hospitals.

Atypical deletion of Williams-Beuren syndrome reveals the mechanism of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Genes associated with specific neurocognitive phenotypes in Williams-Beuren syndrome are still controversially discussed. This study identified nine patients with atypical deletions out of 111 patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome; these deletions included seven smaller deletions and two larger deletions. One patient had normal neurodevelopment with a deletion of genes on the distal side of the Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region, including GTF2I and GTF2IRD1.

Integrated Strategies of Diverse Feature Selection Methods Identify Aging-Based Reliable Gene Signatures for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy.

Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is a major cardiovascular state associated with prominently increased morbidity and mortality. Our purpose was to detect reliable gene signatures for ICM through integrated feature selection strategies. Transcriptome profiles of ICM were curated from the GEO project.

Downregulation of Uncoupling Protein 2(UCP2) Mediated by MicroRNA-762 Confers Cardioprotection and Participates in the Regulation of Dynamic Mitochondrial Homeostasis of Dynamin Related Protein1 (DRP1) After Myocardial Infarction in Mice.

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death in the world, and its pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) after MI in mouse heart. Here, we examined the expression and role of UCP2 in mouse heart 4 weeks after MI.

Differential diagnosis of parotid gland tumours: Application of SWI combined with DWI and DCE-MRI.

Background: Parotid tumours (PTs) have a variety of pathological types, and the surgical procedures differ depending on the tumour type. However, accurate diagnosis of PTs from the current preoperative examinations is unsatisfactory.

Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of our hospital, and the requirement for informed consent was waived.

LncRNA PVT1 Knockdown Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Damage via Suppressing Gasdermin D-Mediated Pyroptosis in Cardiomyocytes.

Myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) damage is a life-threatening vascular emergency after myocardial infarction. Here, we observed the cardioprotective effect of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PVT1 knockdown against myocardial I/R damage. This study constructed a myocardial I/R-induced mouse model and a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated H9C2 cells.

Proteomic Analysis of Hypoxia-Induced Senescence of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Methods: Hypoxia in hBMSCs was induced for 0, 4, and 12 hours, and cellular senescence was evaluated by senescence-associated -galactosidase (SA--gal) staining. Tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling was combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for differential proteomic analysis of hypoxia in hBMSCs. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis was used to validate the candidate proteins.

Novel insertion mutation (Arg1822_Glu1823dup) in MYH6 coiled-coil domain causing familial atrial septal defect.

Objective: Atrial septal defect, secundum (ASD Ⅱ, OMIM: 603642) is the second common congenital heart defect (CHD) in China. However, the genetic etiology of familial ASD II remains elusive.

Methods And Results: Using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing, we identified a novel myosin heavy chain 6 (MYH6) gene insertion variation, NM_002471.

Multi-factor regulatory network and different clusters in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Background: Practical biosignatures and thorough understanding of regulatory processes of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) are still lacking.

Methods: Firstly, public data from GSE36961 and GSE89714 datasets of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Gene database of NCBI (National Center of Biotechnology Information) and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database were merged into a candidate gene set of HOCM. Secondly, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) for the candidate gene set was carried out to determine premier co-expressed genes.

Intracellular Delivery of Proteins into Living Cells by Low-Molecular-Weight Polyethyleneimine.

Introduction: Intracellular protein delivery is emerging as a potential strategy to revolutionize therapeutics in the field of biomedicine, aiming at treating a wide range of diseases including cancer, inflammatory diseases and other oxidative stress-related disorders with high specificity. However, the current challenges and limitations are addressed to either synthetically or biologically through multipotency of engineering, such as protein modification, insufficient delivery of large-size proteins, deficiency or mutation of proteins, and high cytotoxicity.

Methods: We prepared the nanocomposites by mixing protein with PEI1200 at a certain molar ratio and demonstrated that it can deliver proteins into living cells in high efficiency and safety through the following experiments, such as dynamic light scattering, fluorescent detection, agarose gel electrophoresis, ß-Galactosidase activity detection, immunofluorescence staining, digital fluorescent detection, cell viability assay and flow cytometry.

FLNC and MYLK2 Gene Mutations in a Chinese Family with Different Phenotypes of Cardiomyopathy.

Mutations in the sarcomeric protein filamin C (FLNC) gene have been linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), as they have been determined to increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death. Thus, in this study, we identified a novel missense mutation of FLNC in a Chinese family with HCM, and, interestingly, a second novel truncating mutation of MYLK2 was discobered in one family member with different phenotype.We performed whole-exome sequencing in a Chinese family with HCM of unknown cause.

Global gene expression analysis using RNA-seq reveals the new roles of Panax notoginseng Saponins in ischemic cardiomyocytes.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), the main active ingredients of Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H.Chen, have been clinically used for cardiovascular diseases treatment in China as the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (Duan et al.

Analysis of genes and underlying mechanisms involved in foam cells formation and atherosclerosis development.

Background: Foam cells (FCs) play crucial roles in the process of all stages of atherosclerosis. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages are the major sources of FCs. This study aimed to identify the common molecular mechanism in these two types of FCs.