Toripalimab Plus Chemotherapy as a First-Line Therapy for Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase 3 EXTENTORCH Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) have poor prognoses and unmet medical needs.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of toripalimab plus etoposide and platinum-based chemotherapy (EP) vs placebo plus EP as a first-line treatment for patients with ES-SCLC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 randomized clinical trial (EXTENTORCH study) enrolled patients from September 26, 2019, to May 20, 2021, and was conducted at 49 sites in China.

Thoracic Radiotherapy Improves the Survival in Patients With -Mutated Oligo-Organ Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Phase III Trial.

Purpose: This multicenter, randomized, phase III clinical trial (Northern Radiation Oncology Group of China-002) focused on patients with oligo-organ metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have epidermal growth factor receptor () mutations. We aimed to investigate whether first-line concurrent thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) and EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), compared with TKIs alone, could achieve better survival.

Materials And Methods: The patients in the TKI plus TRT group received 60 Gy to primary lung tumor and positive regional lymph nodes.

AENEAS: A Randomized Phase III Trial of Aumolertinib Versus Gefitinib as First-Line Therapy for Locally Advanced or MetastaticNon-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Exon 19 Deletion or L858R Mutations.

Purpose: Aumolertinib (formerly almonertinib; HS-10296) is a novel third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved in China. This double-blind phase III trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of aumolertinib compared with gefitinib as a first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic -mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03849768).

Efficacy of Aumolertinib (HS-10296) in Patients With Advanced EGFR T790M+ NSCLC: Updated Post-National Medical Products Administration Approval Results From the APOLLO Registrational Trial.

Introduction: Aumolertinib (formerly almonertinib; HS-10296) is a novel third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with revealed activity against EGFR-sensitizing mutations and EGFR T790M mutation.

Methods: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC who developed an EGFR T790M mutation after progression on first- or second-generation EGFR TKI therapy were enrolled in this registrational phase 2 trial of aumolertinib at 110 mg orally once daily (NCT02981108). The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) by independent central review.

Mitigation of acute radiation-induced brain injury in a mouse model using anlotinib.

Background: With the development of radiological technologies, radiotherapy has been gradually widely used in the clinic to intracranial tumours and become standardised. However, the related central nervous system disorders are still the most obvious complications after radiotherapy. This study aims to quantify the effectiveness of anlotinib, a small molecule inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, in mitigating acute phase of radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) in a mouse model.

Combination of DCE-MRI and DWI in Predicting the Treatment Effect of Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Carcinoma.

Background: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the main treatment for esophageal cancer, but the response to treatment varies from individual to individual. MR imaging methods, such as diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI and the use of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, have the potential to provide additional biomarkers that could evaluate the effect of CCRT in patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-six patients with esophageal carcinoma, verified by histopathology, underwent MRI examination before and at midtreatment (4 week, radiotherapy 30-40 Gy) using the Siemens 3.

miR-3196 acts as a Tumor Suppressor and Predicts Survival Outcomes in Patients With Gastric Cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with high mortality. Therefore, identifying cancer-related biomarkers for predicting prognosis and progression of gastric cancer is essential. This study aimed to investigate the clinical value and functional role of microRNA-3196 in gastric cancer.

Fosaprepitant versus aprepitant in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-simulated, positive-controlled phase III trial.

Background: To establish the role of antiemetic therapy with neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists (RAs) in Chinese patients associated with cisplatin-base chemotherapy regimens, this study evaluated the efficacy and safety of single-dose intravenous fosaprepitant-based triple antiemetic regimen to a 3-day orally aprepitant-based antiemetic triplet schedule for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, positive-control design was used to test the noninferiority of fosaprepitant towards aprepitant. Patients receiving cisplatin-base (≥50 mg/m) chemotherapy were administrated palonosetron and dexamethasone with a single-dose fosaprepitant (150 mg on day 1) or a standard aprepitant regimen (125 mg on day 1, 80 mg on day 2 and day 3).

Overexpression of miR-939-3p predicts poor prognosis and promotes progression in lung cancer.

Background: Lung cancer is the main cancer-related deaths worldwide. In this study, we explored the clinical prognostic significance and functional role of miR-939-3p in lung cancer.

Methods: We analyzed the expression of miR-939-3p in lung cancer tissues and cells by qRT-PCR.

Low expression of BEX1 predicts poor prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer.

The brain expressed x‑linked gene 1 (BEX1) is a member of the BEX family and is aberrantly expressed in many cancers. However, the clinical significance of BEX1 expression level and its role in the pathology of esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) remain unknown. In the present study, we determined BEX1 expression in the tumor and adjacent normal tissues from 118 ESCC patients by immunohistochemistry and determined the proliferation and growth of ESCC cells following ectopic overexpression of BEX1 in cultured cells and in mouse‑ESCC xenografts.

Effects of MiR-210 on proliferation, apoptosis and invasion abilities of esophageal cancer cells.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of microRNA-210 (miRNA- 210) on the biological behaviors (proliferation and invasion) of EC109 cells of highly metastatic human esophageal cancer (EC).

Methods: The EC109 genomic DNA of human EC was used as a template to amplify the precursor sequence of miRNA-210 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The precursor sequence of miRNA-210 was sub-cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.

Knockdown of c‑Myc activates Fas-mediated apoptosis and sensitizes A549 cells to radiation.

Several studies have demonstrated that cancer radiosensitivity is associated with the deregulation of c‑Myc, but the relationship between c‑Myc and Fas in radioresistance of lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. In this study, we established radiation-resistant A549 cell model (A549/R), and investigated the roles of c‑Myc and Fas in radiation-induced cytotoxicity of A549 cells. Apoptosis detection showed that there were fewer apoptotic cells in A549/R cells treated with radiation than in A549 cells.

Increased interleukin-35 expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes correlates with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer.

Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a recently discovered inhibitory cytokine, which is firstly discovered to be produced by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and proposed as a key effector molecule of Treg function. This study aims to analyze the correlation between IL-35 expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) of breast cancer tissue and patients' clinical characteristics. Plasma IL-35 was also determined in 60 patients with breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 30 healthy women by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

[Treating Radiation Peumonitis by Zlyin Huoxue Granule Combined Glucocorticoids and Antibiotics: a Clinical Observation].

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Ziyin Huoxue Granule (ZHG) combined glucocorticoids and antibiotics in treatment of radiation pneumonitis.

Methods: Totally 70 radiation pneumonitis patients were assigned to the treatment group and the control group according to random digit table, 35 in each group. All patients received glucocorticoids and antibiotics.

Radiation dose is associated with prognosis of small cell lung cancer with superior vena cava syndrome.

Approximately 10% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cases develop superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). Many SCLC patients with SVCS have relatively limited disease, requiring curative rather than palliative treatment. Besides chemotherapy, radiotherapy is important for treating SCLC with SVCS.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A inhibits angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma via blocking ERK/MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in H22 tumor-bearing mice.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a flavonoid derived and isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Carthamus tinctorius L., possesses anti-tumor activity. However, its effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been investigated.

Comparison of Gefitinib versus VMP in the combination with radiotherapy for multiple brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer.

The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of Gefitinib versus VMP in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for multiple brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 73 NSCLC patients with brain metastases from January 2010 to August 2013 were randomly divided into Gefitinib group (37 patients) and VMP chemotherapy group (36 patients). Patients in VMP group received VM-26 100 mg/day by intravenous injection, from day 1 to day 3, cisplatin 25 mg/m2 by intravenous injection, from day 1 to day 3.

OPN Polymorphism Is Related to the Chemotherapy Response and Prognosis in Advanced NSCLC.

Background. Osteopontin (OPN) is associated with prognosis of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, little is known about the association between OPN gene polymorphism and the chemotherapy response in NSCLC patients.