Antibody Fc-receptor FcεR1γ stabilizes cell surface receptors in group 3 innate lymphoid cells and promotes anti-infection immunity.

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) are crucial for maintaining mucosal homeostasis and regulating inflammatory diseases, but the molecular mechanisms governing their phenotype and function are not fully understood. Here, we show that ILC3s highly express Fcer1g gene, which encodes the antibody Fc-receptor common gamma chain, FcεR1γ. Genetic perturbation of FcεR1γ leads to the absence of critical cell membrane receptors NKp46 and CD16 in ILC3s.

Fate mapping of Spp1 expression reveals age-dependent plasticity of disease-associated microglia-like cells after brain injury.

Microglial reactivity to injury and disease is emerging as a heterogeneous, dynamic, and crucial determinant in neurological disorders. However, the plasticity and fate of disease-associated microglia (DAM) remain largely unknown. We established a lineage tracing system, leveraging the expression dynamics of secreted phosphoprotein 1（Spp1） to label and track DAM-like microglia during brain injury and recovery.

Retinoid X receptor gamma dictates the activation threshold of group 2 innate lymphoid cells and limits type 2 inflammation in the small intestine.

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are crucial in promoting type 2 inflammation that contributes to both anti-parasite immunity and allergic diseases. However, the molecular checkpoints in ILC2s that determine whether to immediately launch a proinflammatory response are unknown. Here, we found that retinoid X receptor gamma (Rxrg) was highly expressed in small intestinal ILC2s and rapidly suppressed by alarmin cytokines.

Neuromedin U programs eosinophils to promote mucosal immunity of the small intestine.

Eosinophils are granulocytes that play an essential role in type 2 immunity and regulate multiple homeostatic processes in the small intestine (SI). However, the signals that regulate eosinophil activity in the SI at steady state remain poorly understood. Through transcriptome profiling of eosinophils from various mouse tissues, we found that a subset of SI eosinophils expressed neuromedin U (NMU) receptor 1 (NMUR1).

Dopamine inhibits group 2 innate lymphoid cell-driven allergic lung inflammation by dampening mitochondrial activity.

Neuronal signals have emerged as pivotal regulators of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) that regulate tissue homeostasis and allergic inflammation. The molecular pathways underlying the neuronal regulation of ILC2 responses in lungs remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we found that the abundance of neurotransmitter dopamine was negatively correlated with circulating ILC2 numbers and positively associated with pulmonary function in humans.

Intranuclear Delivery of DNA Nanostructures via Cellular Mechanotransduction.

DNA nanostructures are attractive gene carriers for nanomedicine applications, yet their delivery to the nucleus remains inefficient. We present the application of extracellular mechanical stimuli to activate cellular mechanotransduction for boosting the intranuclear delivery of DNA nanostructures. Treating mammalian cells with polythymidine-rich spherical nucleic acids (poly(T) SNAs) under gentle compression by a single coverslip leads to up to ∼50% nuclear accumulation without severe endosomal entrapment, cytotoxicity, or long-term membrane damage; no chemical modification or transfection reagent is needed.

A pH-Reversible Fluorescent Probe for Imaging of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Secretion from Living Cells.

Our knowledge in how extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from cells remains inadequate due to the limited technologies available for visualizing them . We report a pH-reversible boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) fluorescent probe for confocal imaging of EVs secreted from living cells without inducing severe cytotoxicity. This probe predominantly assumes a non-fluorescent leuco-BODIPY form under basic conditions, but it gradually switches to its fluorescent parent BODIPY form upon acidification; such pH transition empowers the imaging of acidic EVs (such as CD81-enriched exosomes and extracellular multivesicular bodies) in weakly basic culture medium and intracellular acidic precursor EVs in weakly basic cytoplasm, with minimal false positive signals frequently encountered for "always-on" dyes.

Sub-10 nm Substrate Roughness Promotes the Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles by Upregulating Endocytosis-Related Genes.

Nanosubstrate engineering is an established approach for modulating cellular responses, but it remains infrequently exploited to facilitate the intracellular delivery of nanoparticles (NPs). We report nanoscale roughness of the extracellular environment as a critical parameter for regulating the cellular uptake of NPs. After seeding cells atop a substrate that contains randomly immobilized gold NPs (termed AuNP-S) with sub-10 nm surface roughness, we demonstrate that such cells internalize up to ∼100-fold more poly(ethylene glycol)-coated AuNPs (Au@PEG NPs) than those cells seeded on a conventional flat culture plate.

Biofilm microenvironment activated supramolecular nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic therapy of bacterial keratitis.

Infectious keratitis caused by bacterial biofilms is one of the main causes of corneal blindness, presenting a serious threat to public health. In this study, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive supramolecular nanoparticles (denoted as MMP-S NPs) were constructed for enhancing photodynamic antibacterial effect against biofilm-associated bacterial keratitis. MMP-S NPs were prepared by host-guest self-assembly of chlorin e6 (Ce6) conjugated β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) prodrug (β-CD-Ce6) and MMP-9-sensitive peptides (YGRKKKRRQRRR-GPLGVRG-EEEEEE) terminated with adamantane (Ad) (Ad-MMP-S PEPs).

Clinical Research of the Remanent Diplopia Correction Operation After Orbital Fracture Repair.

Objective: To investigate the occasion, method and effectiveness of the diplopic correction after the orbital fracture repair in Chinese patients with orbital fracture.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of 64 patients with remanent diplopia after the reconstructions of orbital fracture were studied between January 2014 and June 2017. The different cause, operational occasions, and surgical techniques analyzed.

Intrapulmonary Cellular-Level Distribution of Inhaled Nanoparticles with Defined Functional Groups and Its Correlations with Protein Corona and Inflammatory Response.

Concerns over the health risks associated with airborne exposure to ultrafine particles [PM0.1, or nanoparticles (NPs)] call for a comprehensive understanding in the interactions of inhaled NPs along their respiratory journey. We prepare a collection of polyethylene glycol-coated gold nanoparticles that bear defined functional groups commonly identified in atmospheric particulates (Au@PEG-X NPs, where X = OCH, COOH, NH, OH, or CH).

Mining and validating the expression pattern and prognostic value of acetylcholine receptors in non-small cell lung cancer.

Acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), are highly expressed in bronchial epithelial cells.We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set to evaluate the expression pattern and prognostic value of the AChR gene family in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The mined data was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Combination of hesperetin and platinum enhances anticancer effect on lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of oncological death. There is an urgent need to discover new molecular targets and to develop new treatments. One of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) family, UGT1A3, is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and is associated with poor prognosis.

Tripartite motif-containing 15 overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with poor patient prognoses.

: This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the differential expression and prognostic indicators of the tripartite motif-containing TRIM) gene family in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). : The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network and three datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to assess TRIM gene family expression patterns in NSCLC. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were conducted to confirm differentially expressed genes (DEGs).

Expression profiling of ubiquitin-related genes in LKB1 mutant lung adenocarcinoma.

Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a tumor suppressor, and there is a very high proportion of LKB1 mutation in lung adenocarcinoma. The function of LKB1 is closely related to that of ubiquitin related genes. Our objective is to analyze the changes in ubiquitin-related genes in LKB1 mutant lung adenocarcinoma.

Identification of aberrantly expressed F-box proteins in squamous-cell lung carcinoma.

Purpose: F-box proteins, as components of the Skp1-Cullin 1-F-box protein (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase, can specifically bind to substrates and regulate multiple tumor behaviors. However, the role of F-box proteins in squamous-cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC) has not been established.

Methods: We identified the differentially expressed F-box protein-encoding genes in SqCLC by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases.

Survival Outcomes for Patients with Surgical and Non-Surgical Treatments in Stages I-III Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are the standard treatments for patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, recent studies suggest that patients with limited stage (I-III) SCLC may benefit from surgical treatment. This study was performed to evaluate the survival outcomes of surgery for stage I-III SCLC.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Visual Function in Patients With Orbital Fracture by Visual Electrophysiology and Visual Field Examination.

Objective: At present, the effect of the visual electrophysiology and vision field examination in patients with orbital blowout fracture is rarely studied. So, the authors investigate the value of visual electrophysiology and vision field examination in the diagnosis of ocular contusion.

Methods: The position and range of fracture of 81 patients were determined by computed tomography (CT) scanning.

Appropriate surgical modalities for stages T2a and T2b in the eighth TNM classification of lung cancer.

Patients with tumors of 3 to 5 cm were divided into stages T2a (3 to 4 cm) and T2b (4 to 5 cm) based on the 8 tumor-node-metastasis staging system for lung cancer. The objective of our study was to explore appropriate surgical modalities for the new stages, T2a and T2b. We selected 6,996 node-negative non-small-cell lung cancer patients with tumor sizes of 3 to 5 cm, diagnosed between 2009 and 2013, from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program.

Down-regulation of long non-coding RNA MEG3 indicates an unfavorable prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer: Evidence from the GEO database.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MEG3 (maternally expressed gene 3) is an imprinted gene that suppresses cells growth in various tumors. However, the association between MEG3 expression and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been fully investigated. Seven datasets with 1144 patients were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.

Evaluation of the effect of intracameral cefuroxime on macular and subfoveal choroidal thickness and macular sensitivity in diabetic patients after cataract surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the macular and subfoveal choroidal thickness variation and macular sensitivity changes in diabetic patients after intracameral cefuroxime in cataract surgery.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Design: Prospective case series.

Postoperative Improvement of Diplopia and Extraocular Muscle Movement in Patients With Reconstructive Surgeries for Orbital Floor Fractures.

Objective: With orbital floor fracture incidence rates increasing year by year, many patients require surgical treatment to improve diplopia, limitation of extraocular muscle movement (EOM), enophthalmos, and midface appearance. With the use of high-density polyethylene, titanium screws, titanium plate, and titanium mesh to repair an orbital floor fracture, enophthalmos and midfacial deformity correction procedures have made great progress. However, attenuating diplopia and the limitation of EOM are still difficult problems to prevent.

Rehabilitation of vision disorder and improved quality of life in patients with primary open angle glaucoma.

Background: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a common cause of irreversible blindness. The variable etiology of POAG poses significant challenges for treatment and rehabilitation. We analyzed a large POAG patient cohort during treatment to reveal possible causes of vision disorder, assess vision-related quality of life (VRQL), and to evaluate the efficacy of rehabilitative treatments.