Exploration of N6-methyladenosine modification in ascorbic acid 2-glucoside constructed stem cell sheets.

The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) sheets constructed with different doses of Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA-2G) in conjunction with N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-associated epigenetic genes analysing transcriptome sequencing data. Experimental groups of BMSCs induced by different AA-2G concentrations were set up, and the tissue structures were observed by histological staining of cell slices and scanning electron microscopy. Expression patterns of DEGs were analysed using short-time sequence expression mining software, and DEGs associated with m6A were selected for gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis.

Risk Factors of Chylothorax After Congenital Heart Surgery in Infants: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study.

Background: Studies of chylothorax after congenital heart disease in infants are rare. Chylothorax has a higher incidence in infancy, but its risk factors are not well understood.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the risk factors of chylothorax after congenital heart surgery in infants.

Optimization strategy for the early timing of bronchoalveolar lavage treatment for children with severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

Background: Early evaluation of severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) and the prompt utilization of fiberoptic bronchoscopic manipulation can effectively alleviate complications and restrict the progression of sequelae. This study aim to establish a nomogram forecasting model for SMPP in children and explore an optimal early therapeutic bronchoalveolar lavage (TBAL) treatment strategy.

Methods: This retrospective study included children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) from January 2019 to December 2021.

The implications of an integrated management model of prenatal diagnosis/postnatal treatment for premature infants with critical congenital heart disease-a case-control study.

Background: The high death rate and medical costs of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) in preterm infants has resulted in significant burdens on both countries and individuals. It is unclear how this affects the mortality of the integrated management model of prenatal diagnosis/postnatal treatment. This study explored the effects of the delivery classification scale for fetal heart and postnatal infants' CCHD on prenatal and postnatal integrated treatment strategies to improve the effectiveness of disease management in CCHD.

Phelan-McDermid Syndrome in Pediatric Patients With Novel Mutations: Genetic and Phenotypic Analyses.

Background: PhelanrMcDermid syndrome (PMS) is an uncommon autosomal dominant inherited developmental disorder. The main characteristics are hypotonia, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, autism-like behaviors and tiny facial deformities. Most cases are caused by the deletion of the 22q13 genomic region, including the deletion of .

Discovery of Novel Variants on the Gene: A Case Series of CHARGE Syndrome.

CHARGE syndrome (CS) is a single-gene genetic disorder with multiple organ malformations caused by a variant of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 () gene on chromosome 8q12.1. In this study, we aimed to investigate new variants that have emerged in these cases compared with typical CS and the relationship between the genes and phenotypes.

Preparation and evaluation of a silk fibroin-polycaprolactone biodegradable biomimetic tracheal scaffold.

In tracheal tissue engineering, the construction of tracheal scaffolds with adequate biodegradable mechanical capacity and biological functions that mimic the structure of a natural trachea is challenging. To explore the feasibility of preparing biomimetic degradable scaffolds with C-type cartilage rings and an inner tracheal wall of polycaprolactone and silk fibroin. A mold was made according to the diameter of a rabbit trachea, and a silk fibroin tube and polycaprolactone ring attached to the tube were obtained by solution casting.

The clinical value of ultrasonic cardiac output monitor in very-low birth-weight and extremely-low-birth-weight infants undergoing PDA ligation.

Background: Cardiorespiratory instability occurs very often in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) and extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants undergoing patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation during the early postoperative period. This study aimed to investigate ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM) as a bedside tool by evaluating the hemodynamic changes in preterm infants following PDA ligation and assessing factors that may influence these changes.

Methods: This was a single-center prospective observational study at a third-level neonatal intensive care unit.

The high-risk factors of different severities of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) based on the national institute of child health and human development (NICHD) diagnosis criteria in 2018.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of preterm infants with different severities of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and disclose the high-risk factors of exacerbating BPD.

Methods: Collection of clinical data of 91 preterm infants admitted to the NICU and diagnosed with BPD, categorized in groups according to the disease severity: 41 mild cases,, 24 moderate cases, and 26 severe cases. Comparison and analysis of perinatal risk factors, treatment, complications and prognosis of the infants with different severity degrees.

A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study on Accessibility and Availability of Neonatal care Resources in Hospitals of China: Current Situation, Mortality and Regional Differences: Neonatal Care Resources and Newborn Mortality in China.

Background: To investigate the current situation of neonatal care resources (NCR), newborn mortality rates (NMR), regional differences and existing challenges in China.

Methods: By using a self-designed questionnaire form and the cross-sectional method, we conducted a survey of all hospitals equipped with neonatal facilities in China from March 2019 to March 2020 with respect to the level and nature of these hospitals, the number of newborn beds and NICU beds, the number of neonatal pediatricians, and the development of therapeutic techniques. The data about the newborn births and deaths were retrieved from the annual statistics of the health commissions of the related provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.

The significance of an integrated management mode of prenatal diagnosis-postnatal treatment for critical congenital heart disease in newborns.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital defect in human beings. The purpose of this article is to investigate impact of an integrated management mode of 'prenatal diagnosis-postnatal treatment' on birth, surgery, prognosis and complications associated with critical CHD (CCHD) in newborns.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of newborns diagnosed with CCHD were divided into two groups: prenatal diagnosis and postnatal diagnosis.

The Application of a Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Membrane in the Vascularization of a Decellularized Tracheal Scaffold.

Airway stenosis is a common problem in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). A tissue-engineered trachea is a new therapeutic method and a research hotspot. Successful vascularization is the key to the application of a tissue-engineered trachea.

Effect of perioperative amplitude-integrated electroencephalography on neurodevelopmental outcomes following infant heart surgery.

The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of perioperative amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) on neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD). A total of 93 children with CHD were included in the current study. All patients enrolled in the present study had undergone cardiac surgery prior to 3 months of age and pre- or postoperative aEEG was monitored.

Measurement of inotropy and systemic oxygen delivery in term, low- and very-low-birth-weight neonates using the Ultrasonic Cardiac Output Monitor (USCOM).

Background The aim of this study was to assess the normal values of the Smith-Madigan inotropy index (SMII) and oxygen delivery index (DO2I) in low-birth-weight (LBW) and very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) newborns on the first 3 days of life, and to identify how different degrees of maturity influence cardiovascular alterations during the transitional period compared with term neonates. Methods Twenty-eight VLBW newborns, 46 LBW newborns and 50 normal full-term newborns admitted to our department were studied. Hemodynamics of the left heart were measured in all neonates over the first 3 days using the Ultrasonic Cardiac Output Monitor (USCOM).

Peri- and Post-operative Amplitude-integrated Electroencephalography in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease.

Objective: To identify the factors influencing brain injury in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) after cardiac surgery.

Methods: This retrospective study investigated 103 infants with CHD undergoing cardiac surgery between January 2013 and February 2016. Pre- and postoperative amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) recordings were assessed for background pattern, sleep-wake cycle pattern and seizure activity.

The Epidemiological Trend of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Childhood: a Population-Based Analysis.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the fifth most common malignancy in children, and the prognosis for AML in children remains relatively poor. However, its incidence and survival trends based on a large sample size have not been reported. Children diagnosed with AML between 1975 and 2014 were accessed from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Effect of intermittent hypoxia or hyperoxia on lung development in preterm rat neonates during constant oxygen therapy.

Impaired lung development is a major negative factor in the survival of preterm neonates. The present study was aimed to investigate the impact of constant oxygen, intermittent hyperoxia, and hypoxia on the lung development in preterm rat neonates. Neonatal rats were exposed to 40% O with or without brief hyperoxia episodes (95% O ) or brief hypoxia episodes (10% O ) from day 0 to day 14, or to room air.

Interleukin-1β Disturbs the Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Precursor Cells in the Hippocampus via Activation of Notch Signaling in Postnatal Rats Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide.

Infectious exposure during the perinatal period may predispose to permanent neurological disorders in later life. Here we investigated whether changes in interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are associated with cognitive dysfunction in later life of septic neonatal rats through suppression of neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Sprague-Dawley rats (1-day old) administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed upregulated expression of IL-1β and IL-1 receptors in the hippocampus.

Comparison of decision-making in neonatal care between China and Japan.

Background: Various differences between China and Japan in approaches to medical treatment have been noted, but a few studies have examined differences in medical decision-making, especially in neonatal care. The aim of this study was to clarify these differences by means of a questionnaire.

Methods: The subjects were physicians on the staff of NICUs in China and Japan.

Deep Illumina sequencing reveals differential expression of long non-coding RNAs in hyperoxia induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a rat model.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants is a predominantly secondary occurrence to intrauterine inflammation/infection and postpartum mechanical ventilation; The purpose of this study is to explore the biological roles of lincRNA in the pathogenesis of BPD.

Methods: Newborn rats were randomly assigned to hyperoxia (85% O) or the control group: the normoxia group (21% O). Lung tissues were collected on days 1-14.

Necrotizing enterocolitis in low birth weight infants in China: Mortality risk factors expressed by birth weight categories.

Background: We retrospectively investigated incidence, morbidity, and mortality of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in China, with special emphasis on determining the predictors of necrotizing enterocolitis associated mortality.

Methods: We identified neonates as having necrotizing enterocolitis if they met the accepted diagnostic criterion. Data pertaining to antenatal period, labor and birth, and the postnatal course of illness were collected.

Microglia-derived IL-1β contributes to axon development disorders and synaptic deficit through p38-MAPK signal pathway in septic neonatal rats.

Background: Axon development plays a pivotal role in the formation of synapse, nodes of Ranvier, and myelin sheath. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) produced by microglia may cause myelination disturbances through suppression of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation in the septic neonatal rats. Here, we explored if a microglia-derived IL-1β would disturb axon development in the corpus callosum (CC) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and if so, whether it is associated with disorder of synapse formation in the cerebral cortex and node of Ranvier.

IL-1β induces hypomyelination in the periventricular white matter through inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation via FYN/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in septic neonatal rats.

Neuroinflammation elicited by microglia plays a key role in periventricular white matter (PWM) damage (PWMD) induced by infectious exposure. This study aimed to determine if microglia-derived interleukin-1β (IL-1β) would induce hypomyelination through suppression of maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the developing PWM. Sprague-Dawley rats (1-day old) were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, following which upregulated expression of IL-1β and IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1 ) was observed.

Budesonide suspension nebulization treatment in Chinese pediatric patients with cough variant asthma: a multi-center observational study.

Objective: To describe the impact of nebulized budesonide inhalation suspension (BIS) on guardian-reported symptoms in Chinese pediatric patients with cough variant asthma (CVA).

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective, non-interventional study conducted at 39 Chinese sites. Patients with CVA aged ≤5 years were classified according to the severity of baseline symptoms: mild (symptom score ≤3) or severe (symptom score >3).

[Anesthetic management of low birth weight infants undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease without cardiopulmonary bypass].

Objective: To summarize anesthetic management of low birth weight infants undergoing surgical intervention of congenital heart disease without cardiopulmonary bypass.

Methods: Fifty-three low birth weight infants (including 49 premature infants) with congenital heart disease underwent surgical treatment without cardiopulmonary bypass during the period from June, 2003 to July, 2013. The mean gestational age of the infants was 30.