Effect of pesticide application techniques on thrips control in the cowpea flowering stage.

Background: Thrips are among the most damaging pests to cowpeas in Hainan, China. Conventional pesticide application methods often fail to achieve satisfactory control due to the small size and concealed habitats of thrips. This study aimed to enhance the efficacy of pesticides by improving their application techniques.

3D-Printed Bifunctional Scaffold for Treatment of Critical Bone Defects Based on Osteoimmune Microenvironment Regulation and Osteogenetic Effects.

The critical-sized bone defect resulting from trauma, tumor resection, and congenital deformity fails to undergo spontaneous healing due to its substantial size, while the ensuing inflammatory process and hypoxic environment further impede the regenerative process. Therefore, it has consistently presented a significant clinical challenge. In the present study, we incorporate a glycyrrhizic acid (GA)-functionalized hydrogel onto the surface of a Hydroxyapatite (Hap)-modified Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold to fabricate a composite scaffold.

Ultralow-pressure-driven polarization switching in ferroelectric membranes.

Van der Waals integration of freestanding perovskite-oxide membranes with two-dimensional semiconductors has emerged as a promising strategy for developing high-performance electronics, such as field-effect transistors. In these innovative field-effect transistors, the oxide membranes have primarily functioned as dielectric layers, yet their great potential for structural tunability remains largely untapped. Free of epitaxial constraints by the substrate, these freestanding membranes exhibit remarkable structural tunability, providing a unique material system to achieve huge strain gradients and pronounced flexoelectric effects.

Association between Fecal Bile Acids and Levodopa Response in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Levodopa is the mainstay of treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD), but large heterogeneity exists in patient response. Increasing evidence implicates bile acids (BAs) involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Furthermore, BAs have also participated in drug bioavailability.

A visualized model for identifying optimal candidates for aggressive locoregional surgical treatment in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer.

Background: The impact of surgical resection of primary (PTR) on the survival of breast cancer (BC) patients with bone metastasis (BM) has been preliminarily investigated, but it remains unclear which patients are suitable for this procedure. Finally, this study aims to develop a predictive model to screen BC patients with BM who would benefit from local surgery.

Methods: BC patients with BM were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2010 and 2015), and 39 patients were obtained for external validation from an Asian medical center.

Effect of strain Shirota supplementation on clinical responses and gut microbiome in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor issues and a range of non-motor symptoms. Microbial therapy may be a useful approach for the treatment of PD. However, comprehensive analyses of the impact of probiotic supplementation on motor and non-motor symptoms are still lacking and the mechanisms whereby the treatment works remain unclear.

Effect of airflow angle on abaxial surface deposition in air-assisted spraying.

Air-assisted sprayers are widely used in orchards for pest and disease control. However, air-assisted spray deposition on the abaxial surface of leaves is often limited. In this study, a method to achieve satisfactory spray deposition on the abaxial leaf surface and an assessment of factors that affect abaxial surface deposition were investigated.

Sodium butyrate ameliorates gut dysfunction and motor deficits in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease by regulating gut microbiota.

Background: A growing body of evidence showed that gut microbiota dysbiosis might be associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Microbiota-targeted interventions could play a protective role in PD by regulating the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis. Sodium butyrate (NaB) could improve gut microbiota dysbiosis in PD and other neuropsychiatric disorders.

Associations between the use of β-adrenoceptor acting drugs and the risk of dementia in older population.

Objective: Age-related decline within the noradrenergic system is associated with reduced cognition. The β-adrenoceptors are widely expressed in the brain as well as in the peripheral. Medications targeting β-adrenoceptor activity have been widely used in older adults.

Association Between Microbial Tyrosine Decarboxylase Gene and Levodopa Responsiveness in Patients With Parkinson Disease.

Background And Objectives: Interindividual variability in levodopa efficacy is a challenge for the personalized treatment of Parkinson disease (PD). Gut microbiota might represent a new approach for personalized medicine. Recently, a novel microbial levodopa metabolism pathway was identified, which is mediated by tyrosine decarboxylase mainly encoded by tyrosine decarboxylase gene () in .

Parkinson's Disease Is Associated with Impaired Gut-Blood Barrier for Short-Chain Fatty Acids.

Background: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbiota are reduced in feces but paradoxically increased in plasma of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), which may stem from intestinal wall leakage. Gut function should be taken into consideration when conducting microbial-metabolite research.

Objective: The objective was to investigate synchronous changes of SCFAs in feces and plasma of patients with PD, taking constipation as a confounder to better disentangle the SCFA metabolism exclusively associated with PD.

Plasma branched-chain and aromatic amino acids correlate with the gut microbiota and severity of Parkinson's disease.

Disturbances of circulating amino acids have been demonstrated in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there have been no consistent results for branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs), and related factors have not been explored. We aimed to explore plasma BCAA and AAA profiles in PD patients, and identify their correlations with clinical characteristics and the gut microbiota.

Sodium butyrate attenuates rotenone-induced toxicity by activation of autophagy through epigenetically regulating PGC-1α expression in PC12 cells.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are considered the key molecular link between gut microbiota and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the role of SCFAs in PD pathogenesis is controversial. Autophagy is important for the degradation of α-synuclein, which is critical to the development of PD.

Analysis of serum levels of organochlorine pesticides and related factors in Parkinson's disease.

Background: There is evidence that environmental factors contribute to the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Pesticides are a class of environmental toxins that are linked to increased risk of developing PD. However, few studies have investigated the association between specific pesticides and PD, especially in China, which was one of the first countries to adopt the use of pesticides.

LncRNA HOXA-AS2 regulates microglial polarization via recruitment of PRC2 and epigenetic modification of PGC-1α expression.

Background: Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD), and it exerts proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects depending on the M1/M2 polarization phenotype. Hence, promoting microglia toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype is a potential therapeutic approach for PD. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, but little is known about their role in microglial polarization in PD.

Plasma Short-Chain Fatty Acids Differences in Multiple System Atrophy from Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD) have overlapping symptoms, making diagnosis challenging. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced exclusively by gut microbiota and were reduced in feces of MSA patients. However, plasma SCFA concentrations in MSA patients have not been investigated.

Findings in Chinese Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Content Analysis From the SML Study.

Social media listening (SML) is a new process for obtaining information from social media platforms to generate insights into users' experiences and has been used to analyze discussions about a multitude of diseases. To understand Parkinson's disease patients' unmet needs and optimize communication between doctors and patients, social media listening was performed to investigate concerns in Chinese patients. A comprehensive search of publicly available social media platforms with Chinese-language content posted between January 2005 and April 2019 in mainland China was performed using defined Parkinson's disease-related terms.

Gut metagenomics-derived genes as potential biomarkers of Parkinson's disease.

Identification of the gut microbiome compositions associated with disease has become a research focus worldwide. Emerging evidence has revealed the presence of gut microbiota dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease. In this study, we aimed to identify the gut microbiome associated with Parkinson's disease and subsequently to screen and to validate potential diagnostic biomarkers of Parkinson's disease.

Hypermethylation of the Gene Coding for PGC-1α in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Patients With Parkinson's Disease.

Decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, our understanding of the mechanism regulating the PGC-1α expression is still limited. We sought to determine whether the epigenetic modification of (the gene encoding PGC-1α) could account for its diminished expression.

The impact of evoked cutaneous afferents on voluntary reaching movement in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective: Resting tremor may compound the effects of bradykinesia to further prolong the initiation of voluntary movement in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the interaction between resting tremor and voluntary movements in these PD patients has not been well understood. Recently, we demonstrated that cutaneous afferents evoked by surface stimulation of superficial radial nerve can inhibit resting tremor effectively.

Evaluation of tremor interference with control of voluntary reaching movements in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Background: A large population of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) displays the symptom of resting tremor. However, the extent that resting tremor may affect the performance of movement control has not been evaluated specifically. This study aims at establishing methods to quantitatively evaluate motor performance in PD patients with tremor, and at analyzing the interfering effects of tremor on control of reaching movements.

Corrigendum: Detection of Microbial 16S rRNA Gene in the Blood of Patients With Parkinson's Disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.

Rapid single-step cleanup method for analyzing 47 pesticide residues in pepper, chili peppers and its sauce product by high performance liquid and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A novel rapid single-step cleanup method combined with quick, easy, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction approach for determining multi-pesticide residues was developed. For the single-step QuEChERS (sin-QuEChERS) cleanup procedure, a specified cartridge was fitted within an extraction centrifuge tube for removing non-target substances. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Primary Secondary Amine (PSA) mixed with salts functioned as absorbents.

Detection of Microbial 16S rRNA Gene in the Blood of Patients With Parkinson's Disease.

Emerging evidence suggests that the microbiota present in feces plays a role in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the alterations of the microbiome in the blood of PD patients remain unknown. To test this hypothesis, we conducted this case-control study to explore the microbiota compositions in the blood of Chinese PD patients.

Alteration of the fecal microbiota in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease.

Emerging evidences suggest that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a role in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the alterations in fecal microbiome in Chinese PD patients remains unknown. This case-control study was conducted to explore fecal microbiota compositions in Chinese PD patients.