Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Normalization in (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Under Different Conditions.

Reference genes are the key to study gene expression patterns using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). No studies on the reference genes of , an important agricultural pest, have been reported. In order to determine the reference genes for qRT-PCR normalization in under different conditions, 10 candidate genes [18S ribosomal protein (), 28S ribosomal protein (), arginine kinase (), elongation factor 1 alpha (), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (), ribosomal protein L32 (), ribosomal protein L40 (), alpha-tubulin (), beta-actin (), and beta-tubulin ()] of were selected to evaluate their stability as reference genes under different biotic and abiotic conditions by using five tools, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt, and RefFinder.