Polyethylene microplastic pollution changes the electrical resistance and thermal conductivity of loess soil.

While plastics provide convenience, they also endanger the safety of the natural environment. Microplastic pollution caused by plastic aging has become an urgent concern in public places. In order to study the effects of microplastics on soil physical properties, the electrical resistance and thermal conductivity of soils containing different polyethylene and moisture content were tested.

Theoretical study on the insertion reaction of the stannylenoid HSnLiF with X-H bonds (X = N, O, F).

The insertion reactions of p-complex (RP) and three-membered ring configuration (RS) of stannylenoid HSnLiF with NH, HO and HF have been studied theoretically by quantum chemical calculation. The structures of reactants, precursors, transition states, intermediates and products have been fully optimized at the M06-2X/def2-TZVP level. The single point energy of all fixed points were calculated using the QCISD method.

Camera calibration optimization algorithm that uses a step function.

Camera calibration is very important when planning machine vision tasks. Calibration may involve 3D reconstruction, size measurement, or careful target positioning. Calibration accuracy directly affects the accuracy of machine vision.

Theoretical prediction on the insertion reactions of stannylenoid HSnLiF with CHX and SiHX (X = F, Cl, Br).

Density functional theory was used to study the insertion reaction of stannylenoid HSnLiF with CHX, SiHX (X = F, Cl, Br). Comparing the reaction barrier of HSnLiF with CHX, SiHX, it can be found that the order of the difficulty of insertion reaction is F > Cl > Br. The insertion reaction potential barrier of SiHX is lower than that of CHX, which means that SiHX is easier to react.

Function analysis of fish PACT gene in response to virus infection.

PACT (interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activator A) is a cellular protein which can activate PKR in dsRNA-independent manner. However, the role of PACT in fish virus infection remains largely unknown. In this study, a PACT homologue from grouper (Epinephelus coioides)(EcPACT) was cloned and characterized.

Design, synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel Isoxazoline Acylhydrazone compounds.

Background: Nowadays, the diamondback moth has ascended to become one of the most formidable pests plaguing cruciferous vegetables. Consequently, the exigency for the development of efficacious pesticide candidates for crop protection has never been more paramount. In response to this pressing need, this study presents a compendium of novel isoxazoline derivatives, incorporating acylhydrazone moieties, synthesized with the express purpose of serving as potential insecticides.

Antiviral role of grouper FoxO1 against RGNNV and SGIV infection.

As a key regulator of the innate immune system, FoxO1 has a variety of activities in biological organisms. In the present study, grouper FoxO1 (EcFoxO1) was cloned and the antiviral activity in red grouper neuron necrosis virus (RGNNV) and Singapore grouper iridescent virus (SGIV) was examined. The open reading frame (ORF) of EcFoxO1 contains 2,034 base pairs that encode a protein of 677 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 73.

Rapid detection of micronutrient components in infant formula milk powder using near-infrared spectroscopy.

In order to achieve rapid detection of galactooligosaccharides (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), calcium (Ca), and vitamin C (Vc), four micronutrient components in infant formula milk powder, this study employed four methods, namely Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), Normalization (Nor), and Savitzky-Golay Smoothing (SG), to preprocess the acquired original spectra of the milk powder. Then, the Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) algorithm and Random Frog (RF) algorithm were used to extract representative characteristic wavelengths. Furthermore, Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) models were established to predict the contents of GOS, FOS, Ca, and Vc in infant formula milk powder.

Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Activity of Novel 2-Ar-1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives.

Triazoles are crucial molecular frameworks in the development of fungicidal compounds. Although there has been extensive research on triazole derivatives for fungicide discovery, the investigation of 2-Ar-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles remains in progress. This study reports the synthesis and evaluation of the fungicidal activity of 27 distinct 2-Ar-substituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives.

Grouper Atg14 promotes Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) replication by inhibiting the host innate immune response.

As one of the important members of the autophagy-related protein family, Atg14 plays a key role in the formation and maturation of autophagosomes. However, little is known about the potential roles of fish Atg14 and its roles in virus infection. In the present study, the homolog of Atg14 (EcAtg14) from the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was cloned and characterized.

Assessing the effect of powder characteristics of infant milk on the compressibility of milk powder compression molding.

Infant formula is an important food for those infants who are deprived of breast milk. However, infant formula powder is prone to fly apart, moisture absorption, sticky spoon, and inaccurate measurement. Block infant formula can solve these problems well.

Singapore grouper iridovirus VP122 targets grouper STING to evade the interferon immune response.

Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is a highly pathogenic Iridoviridae that causes hemorrhage and spleen enlargement in grouper. Despite previous genome annotation efforts, many open reading frames (ORFs) in SGIV remain uncharacterized, with largely unknown functions. In this study, we identified the protein encoded by SGIV ORF122, now referred to as VP122.

New Insights into Phospholipid Profile Alteration of Bigeye Tuna () during Daily Cooking Processes Using Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Bigeye tuna (BET, ) is one of the most nutritious and luxurious cosmopolitan fish. The cooked BET products are capturing the interests of consumers by enhancing flavor and ensuring microbiological safety; however, the lipidomic fingerprints during daily cooking processes have not been investigated. In this work, lipid phenotypic data variation in BET during air-frying, roasting, and boiling was studied comprehensively using iKnife rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS).

Prevention of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by a synbiotic approach using probiotic and lactulose.

In this research, the synbiotic effects of the probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YW11 and lactulose on intestinal morphology, colon function, and immune activity were evaluated in a mouse model of UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The results revealed that L. plantarum YW11 in combination with lactulose decreased the severity of colitis in mice and improved the structure of the damaged colon, as assessed using colon length and disease condition.

Insight into the addition reactions of stannylenoid HSnLiF with ethylene.

Context: Tetrylenoids, REXM (E = Si, Ge, and Sn; X = electronegative group; M = alkali metal), have electrophilic and nucleophilic properties just like carbenoid. As the products of carbenoid compounds with olefins, the cyclopropane fraction has been found to be biologically active in many natural and artificial compounds. Can carbenoid analogues of stannylenoid facilitate similar cyclopropanation reactions?

Methods: Addition reaction of the stannylenoid compound HSnLiF with ethylene was investigated using density function theory (DFT) at the M062X/def2-TZVP level.

Isolation, Characterization, and Transcriptome Analysis of an ISKNV-Like Virus from Largemouth Bass.

Largemouth bass () is an important commercial fish farmed in China. Challenges related to diseases caused by pathogens, such as iridovirus, have become increasingly serious. In 2017, we detected iridovirus-infected diseased largemouth bass in Zunyi, Guizhou Province.

Traditional Chinese medicine decoctions and Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of depression: Efficacies and mechanisms.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Depression is a major mental disorder and it is currently recognized as the second-leading cause of disability worldwide. However, the therapeutic effect of antidepressants remains unsatisfactory. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used for centuries, including commonly-used complementary and alternative medical therapies for depression.

Catalytic Cyanation of C-N Bonds with CO/NH.

Cyanation of benzylic C-N bonds is useful in the preparation of important α-aryl nitriles. The first general catalytic cyanation of α-(hetero)aryl amines, analogous to the Sandmeyer reaction of anilines, was developed using reductive cyanation with CO/NH. A broad array of α-aryl nitriles was obtained in high yields and regioselectivity by C-N cleavage of intermediates as ammonium salts.

Rethinking the Importance of Quantization Bias, Toward Full Low-Bit Training.

Quantization is a promising technique to reduce the computation and storage costs of DNNs. Low-bit ( ≤ 8 bits) precision training remains an open problem due to the difficulty of gradient quantization. In this paper, we find two long-standing misunderstandings of the bias of gradient quantization noise.

CH activation by PtX (X = F, Cl, Br, I).

Reactions of PtX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) with methane have been investigated at the density functional theory (DFT) level. These reactions take place more easily along the low-spin potential energy surface. For HX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) elimination, the formal oxidation state of the metal ion appears to be conserved, and the importance of this reaction channel decreases in going as the sequence: X = F, Cl, Br, I.

CO -Promoted Direct Acylation of Amines and Phenols by the Activation of Inert Thioacid Salts.

Herein a carbon dioxide-promoted synthetic approach for the direct amidation between unactivated thioacid salts and amines under mild conditions was developed for a wide range of substrates. The method afforded amides in good to excellent yields under transition-metal-free and activation-reagent-free conditions, in sharp contrast to early methodologies on amide synthesis based on transition-metal catalysis. The method offered a greener and transition metal-free protocol applicable to pharmaceuticals preparations.

DNA Nanodevices: From Mechanical Motions to Biomedical Applications.

Inspired by molecular machines in nature, artificial nanodevices have been designed to realize various biomedical functions. Self-assembled deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanostructures that feature designed geometries, excellent spatial accuracy, nanoscale addressability, and marked biocompatibility provide an attractive candidate for constructing dynamic nanodevices with biomarker- targeting and stimuli-responsiveness for biomedical applications. Here, a summary of typical construction strategies of DNA nanodevices and their operating mechanisms are presented.

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update.

Warfarin is a commonly used oral anticoagulant. It has a narrow therapeutic window and wide variation in individualized dosing, and is used clinically for the treatment of thromboembolic diseases. Due to the widespread use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China and the complex composition and diverse mechanisms of action of TCM, the combination of TCM and warfarin in patients has led to fluctuations in the international normalized ratio of warfarin or bleeding.

Unsupervised deep learning for 3D reconstruction with dual-frequency fringe projection profilometry.

The fringe projection profilometry (FPP) technique has been widely applied in three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction in industry for its high speed and high accuracy. Recently, deep learning has been successfully applied in FPP to achieve high-accuracy and robust 3D reconstructions in an efficient way. However, the network training needs to generate and label numerous ground truth 3D data, which can be time-consuming and labor-intensive.

Penetration Cascade of Size Switchable Nanosystem in Desmoplastic Stroma for Improved Pancreatic Cancer Therapy.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells are surrounded by a dense extracellular matrix (ECM), which greatly restricts the access of therapeutic agents, resulting in poor clinical response to chemotherapy. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling plays a crucial role in construction of the desmoplastic stroma and provides potential targets for PDAC therapy. To surmount the pathological obstacle, we developed a size switchable nanosystem based on PEG-PLGA nanospheres encapsulated within liposomes for the combined delivery of vactosertib (VAC), a TGF-β1 receptor kinase inhibitor, and the cytotoxic drug paclitaxel (TAX).