Characteristics of Nocturnal Boundary Layer over a Subtropical Forest: Implications for the Dispersion and Fate of Atmospheric Species.

The nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) significantly influences the dispersion and fate of atmospheric species at night. Subtropical forests are crucial in carbon and water exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere. However, the NBL characteristics and their impact on atmospheric species over these forests remain unknown.

Randomly Layered Superstructure of InO Truncated Nano-Octahedra and Its High-Pressure Behavior.

This study outlines the preparation and characterization of a unique superlattice composed of indium oxide (InO) vertex-truncated nano-octahedra, along with an exploration of its response to high-pressure conditions. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy were employed to determine the average circumradius (15.2 nm) of these vertex-truncated building blocks and their planar superstructure.

Groundwater pollution source identification and health risk assessment in the North Anhui Plain, eastern China: Insights from positive matrix factorization and Monte Carlo simulation.

Groundwater contaminants from natural and anthropogenic sources pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and public health. In this study, 30 groundwater samples were collected from shallow wells at a large central water source in the North Anhui Plain, eastern China. Hydrogeochemical methods, positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, and Monte Carlo simulation were used to determine the characteristics, sources, and human health risks of inorganic and organic analytes in groundwater.

Climate suitability division of solar greenhouse in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.

To resolve the issue of scientific planning and rational layout of different vegetable greenhouses in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, we selected the days of low temperature in winter, sunshine hours, overcast days, extreme minimum temperature, days of monsoon disaster, days of snow cover in production season of greenhouse as the climate zoning indicators, based on ground-based observation data from 119 meteorological stations (1991 to 2020) and the growing demand of leafy and fruity vegetables in greenhouse, combined with the analysis of key meteorological factors in production season and the study of meteorological disaster indicators such as low temperature and cold damage, wind disaster, snow disaster. We analyzed the indices, classification and division of comprehensive climate suitability zoning of leafy and fruity vegetables at various slopes (35°, 40°) of solar greenhouse by the weighted sum method. The results showed that the climatic suitability zoning grades of leafy and fruity vegetables at 35° and 40° slope of greenhouse was highly consistent, and that the greenhouse climate suitability of leafy vegetables was higher than that of fruity vegetables in the same region.

Improving Oxygen Reduction Performance of Surface-Layer-Controlled Pt-Ni Nano-Octahedra via Gaseous Etching.

This study demonstrates an atomic composition manipulation on Pt-Ni nano-octahedra to enhance their electrocatalytic performance. By selectively extracting Ni atoms from the {111} facets of the Pt-Ni nano-octahedra using gaseous carbon monoxide at an elevated temperature, a Pt-rich shell is formed, resulting in an ∼2 atomic layer Pt-skin. The surface-engineered octahedral nanocatalyst exhibits a significant enhancement in both mass activity (∼1.

Small-molecule inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and more: FDA-approved novel therapeutic drugs for solid tumors from 1991 to 2021.

The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has always been a forerunner in drug evaluation and supervision. Over the past 31 years, 1050 drugs (excluding vaccines, cell-based therapies, and gene therapy products) have been approved as new molecular entities (NMEs) or biologics license applications (BLAs). A total of 228 of these 1050 drugs were identified as cancer therapeutics or cancer-related drugs, and 120 of them were classified as therapeutic drugs for solid tumors according to their initial indications.

Antifungal Activity of Minocycline and Azoles Against Fluconazole-Resistant Species.

species are the most common fungal pathogens to infect humans, and can cause life-threatening illnesses in individuals with compromised immune systems. Fluconazole (FLU) is the most frequently administered antifungal drug, but its therapeutic efficacy has been limited by the emergence of drug-resistant strains. When co-administered with minocycline (MIN), FLU can synergistically treat clinical isolates and .

Wnt signaling in breast cancer: biological mechanisms, challenges and opportunities.

Wnt signaling is a highly conserved signaling pathway that plays a critical role in controlling embryonic and organ development, as well as cancer progression. Genome-wide sequencing and gene expression profile analyses have demonstrated that Wnt signaling is involved mainly in the processes of breast cancer proliferation and metastasis. The most recent studies have indicated that Wnt signaling is also crucial in breast cancer immune microenvironment regulation, stemness maintenance, therapeutic resistance, phenotype shaping, etc.

Identification of tumorigenicity-associated genes in osteosarcoma cell lines based on bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone. Tumorigenic investigation of osteosarcoma cell lines may facilitate preclinical studies of targeted therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the tumorigenicity-associated genes in osteosarcoma cells.

Interpreting the role of NO, SO, and extracellular polymeric substances on aggregation kinetics of CeO nanoparticles: Measurement and modeling.

The early stage of aggregation of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO NPs) in anion solutions was inspected in the absence and presence of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) with a help of time-resolved dynamic light scattering (DLS). The aggregation kinetics and attachment efficiencies were calculated according to measured hydrodynamic diameter across a range of 1-500 mM NaNO and 0.01-100.

WNT5B governs the phenotype of basal-like breast cancer by activating WNT signaling.

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Metastatic disease remains the primary cause of death in patients with breast cancer. Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is associated with aggressive behavior, stem-like phenotype, high histological grade, poor clinical features, and high rates of recurrences and/or metastasis.

Formation potential of nine nitrosamines from polyacrylamide during chloramination.

Cationic polymers, which are commonly used as flocculants and coagulant aids in water and wastewater treatment, have been recently reported to promote the formation of nitrosamines. Most of the findings to date are based on poly (epichlorohydrin dimethylamine) and poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride), while few studies have considered nitrosamines formation of polyacrylamides. In this work, the nitrosamines formation from non-ionic, anionic and cationic polyacrylamides was evaluated.

Phase Transitions of Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite under Pressure.

The pressure-induced structural evolution of formamidinium-based perovskite FAPbI was investigated using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and laser-excited photoluminescence methods. Cubic α-FAPbI ( Pm3̅ m) partially and irreversibly transformed to hexagonal δ-FAPbI ( P6 mc) at a pressure less than 0.1 GPa.

Factors affecting -nitrosodimethylamine formation from poly(diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride) degradation during chloramination.

Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (polyDADMAC) has been shown to be an important precursor of the probable human carcinogen -nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) when in contact with chloramine. In this study, we conducted an orthogonal experiment design to evaluate the effects of pH values, ammonia, bromide, natural organic matter (NOM) and monochloramine dosages on the formation of NDMA from polyDADMAC during chloramination. Meanwhile, single-factor experiments of pH, bromide and NOM prove the results of orthogonal experiment.

Casein kinase 1α: biological mechanisms and theranostic potential.

Casein kinase 1α (CK1α) is a multifunctional protein belonging to the CK1 protein family that is conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to humans. It regulates signaling pathways related to membrane trafficking, cell cycle progression, chromosome segregation, apoptosis, autophagy, cell metabolism, and differentiation in development, circadian rhythm, and the immune response as well as neurodegeneration and cancer. Given its involvement in diverse cellular, physiological, and pathological processes, CK1α is a promising therapeutic target.

High-Pressure-Induced Comminution and Recrystallization of CH NH PbBr Nanocrystals as Large Thin Nanoplates.

High pressure (HP) can drive the direct sintering of nanoparticle assemblies for Ag/Au, CdSe/PbS nanocrystals (NCs). Instead of direct sintering for the conventional nanocrystals, this study experimentally observes for the first time high-pressure-induced comminution and recrystallization of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanocrystals into highly luminescent nanoplates with a shorter carrier lifetime. Such novel pressure response is attributed to the unique structural nature of hybrid perovskites under high pressure: during the drastic cubic-orthorhombic structural transformation at ≈2 GPa, (301) the crystal plane fully occupied by organic molecules possesses a higher surface energy, triggering the comminution of nanocrystals into nanoslices along such crystal plane.

Production of Polyclonal Antibody to the HPV58 E7 Protein and Its Detection in Cervical Cancer.

The persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common causes of cervical cancer worldwide, and HPV type 58 is the third most common HPV type in eastern Asia. The E7 oncoprotein is constitutively expressed in HPV58-associated cervical cancer cells and plays a key role during tumorigenesis. To study the biological function of HPV58 E7 and to characterize E7 protein-host cell interactions, we cloned the human HPV58 E7 gene and produced specific E7 antibodies.

A functional variant rs4442975 modulating FOXA1-binding affinity does not influence the risk or progression of breast cancer in Chinese Han population.

The DNA-binding protein FOXA1 has been shown to regulate nearly all estrogen receptor-chromatin interactions, thereby influencing target gene expression levels in breast cancer (BC) cells. Recently, the rs4442975 T-allele, which disrupts the recruitment of FOXA1 and interacts with the IGFBP5 promoter, was associated to BC susceptibility in a European population. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study that included 1227 cases and 1285 controls to explore the potential association between rs4442975 and BC risk in Chinese Han population, and the effect of this SNP on BC progression was also observed in cases.

Up regulation of NAT10 promotes metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

Dysregulation of N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is associated with the development of many types of tumors; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully elucidated. Here, we examined the role of NAT10 during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC and established its role in metastasis. We evaluated expression of NAT10 expression in four HCC cell lines and determined the effects of knockdown by siRNA or treatment with the NAT10 inhibitor, Remodelin.

Approaches and genetic determinants in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer remains a major health burden worldwide. There is near-universal agreement that neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a preferred management for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). However, the optimal approach for an individual patient is still not clear and remains controversial, which could be at least partly explained by the lack of predictive tools.

Gadolinium-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as a Tumor-Absorbable Contrast Agent for Early Diagnosis of Colorectal Tumors Using Magnetic Resonance Colonography.

Magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents focusing on special functions are required to improve cancer diagnosis, particularly in the early stages. Here, we designed multifunctional solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) with simultaneous loading of gadolinium (Gd) diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and octadecylamine fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to obtain Gd-FITC-SLNs as a tumor-absorbable nanoparticle contrast agent for the histological confirmation of MR imaging (MRI) findings. Colorectal tumors were evaluated in vitro and in vivo via direct uptake of this contrast agent, which displayed reasonable T1 relaxivity and no significant cytotoxicity at the experimental concentrations in human colon carcinoma cells (HT29) and mouse colon carcinoma cells (CT26).

[Spectral Analysis on the Decolorization of Dyeing Wastewater with PAC-PDMDAAC Hybrid Flocculant].

The new hybrid flocculant polyaluminum chloride-poly (dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) (PAC-PDMDAAC) was used to treat disperse violet and reactive brilliant red dye wastewater. The experimental results indicated that the decolorization effect of hybrid PAC-PDMDAAC was better than that of PAC and composite PAC-PDMDAAC. The decolorization rates of disperse violet and reactive brilliant red dye wastewater were 99% and 86.