Development of three-dimensional brain arteriovenous malformation model for patient communication and young neurosurgeon education.

Purpose: Rapid prototyping technology is used to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) models and facilitate presurgical patient communication and medical education for young surgeons.

Methods: Two intracranial AVM cases were selected for this study. Using 3D CT angiography or 3D rotational angiography images, the brain AVM models were reconstructed on personal computer and the rapid prototyping process was completed using a 3D printer.

Analysis of the Expression of Angioarchitecture-related Factors in Patients with Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation.

Background: Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM) is a type of vascular malformation associated with vascular remodeling, hemodynamic imbalance, and inflammation. We detected four angioarchitecture-related cytokines to make a better understanding of the potential aberrant signaling in the pathogenesis of cAVM and found useful proteins in predicting the risk of cerebral hemorrhage.

Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted on specimens from twenty patients with cAVM diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography and twenty primary epilepsy controls using antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).

[Factors affecting oculomotor nerve function recovery time following balloon embolization for oculomotor nerve palsy caused by traumatic carotid cavernous sinus fistula].

Objective: To analyze the factors that affect oculomotor nerve function recovery time in patients receiving balloon embolization for oculomotor nerve palsy caused by traumatic carotid cavernous sinus fistula.

Methods: The clinical data were collected from 87 patients undergoing balloon embolization for oculomotor nerve palsy due to traumatic carotid cavernous sinus fistula from July 2005 to July 2013 and the factors affecting oculomotor nerve function recovery time was analyzed using a self-made questionnaire.

Results And Conlusion: Oculomotor nerve function recovery time ranged from 1 to 6 months (mean 33.

Brain abscess after endosaccular embolisation of a cerebral aneurysm.

Endovascular embolization has become an important treatment option for cerebral aneurysms, along with surgical clipping. But few literatures mentioned infectious complications after coiling of aneurysms. We present a patient with a brain abscess that developed after endosaccular embolization of a left middle cerebral artery aneurysm.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor reduces apoptosis in cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

Purpose: To investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM).

Materials And Methods: Twelve AVM specimens were obtained from patients who did not received preoperative embolization. MIF levels were measured by Western blot and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) levels were measured by reverse transcription PCR.

A study of the distribution and density of the VEGFR-2 receptor on glioma microvascular endothelial cell membranes.

The purpose of the study was to examine the nanoscale distribution and density of the VEGFR-2 membrane receptor on the endothelial cell surface of glioma microvasculature. Immunofluorescence and atomic force microscopy combined with immunogold labeling techniques were used to characterize and determine the position of the glioma microvasculature endothelial cell surface receptor VEGFR-2. We aimed to indirectly detect the distribution of VEGFR-2 on the cell membrane at the nanoscale level and to analyze VEGFR-2 quantitatively.