A Study on the Radiation Resistance Performance of an AlO Composite Tritium Permeation Barrier and Zirconium-Based Tritium-Absorbing Materials.

The permeation of tritium from secondary neutron source rods in nuclear power plants presents a significant and unavoidable safety concern both for internal equipment and the external environment. This study primarily explores two feasible strategies for tritium permeation barriers: coating stainless steel surfaces with tritium permeation barrier (TPB) materials and utilizing materials with excellent tritium absorption properties. Through external ion irradiation tests, a comparative analysis was conducted on the tritium permeation performance, morphology, and nanohardness changes in two tritium-resistant designs, specifically CrO/AlO composite coatings and a zirconium-based tritium-absorbing material under varying irradiation doses.

3D chromatin structures associated with ncRNA for hyperactivation and coactivation across the entire X chromosome.

The three-dimensional (3D) organization of chromatin within the nucleus is crucial for gene regulation. However, the 3D architectural features that coordinate the activation of an entire chromosome remain largely unknown. We introduce an omics method, RNA-associated chromatin DNA-DNA interactions, that integrates RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-mediated regulome with stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy to investigate the landscape of noncoding RNA -associated chromatin topology for gene equalization to achieve dosage compensation.

Ketogenic diet alleviates β-cell dedifferentiation but aggravates hepatic lipid accumulation in db/db mice.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of the ketogenic diet (KD) on β-cell dedifferentiation and hepatic lipid accumulation in db/db mice.

Methods: After a 3-wk habituation, male db/db mice ages 8 wk were assigned into one of three groups: normal diet (ND), KD, and 75% calorie restriction (CR) group. Free access to a standard diet, a KD, and 75% of a standard diet, respectively, were given to each group.

Genome-wide association mapping combined with gene-based haplotype analysis identify a novel gene for shoot length in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Genome-wide association mapping revealed a novel QTL for shoot length across multiple environments. Its causal gene, LOC_Os01g68500, was identified firstly through gene-based haplotype analysis, gene expression and knockout transgenic verification. Strong seedling vigor is an important breeding target for rice varieties used in direct seeding.

Cover cropping promotes soil carbon sequestration by enhancing microaggregate-protected and mineral-associated carbon.

Cover cropping can improve soil C sequestration compared to no cover cropping, but the mechanism of C sequestration in soil aggregates and minerals needs more exploration. We explored C sequestration using C fractions in soil aggregates and minerals by cover crops in a five-year old summer cover crop - winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation system at Changwu National Agroecology Experimental Station in the Chinese Loess Plateau.

Diallyl trisulfide induces pro-apoptotic autophagy via the AMPK/SIRT1 signalling pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line.

Background: Liver cancer is associated with a high mortality rate worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes a large proportion of primary liver cancers, and most of its alterations currently remain untreatable. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), the main chemical constituent of allicin, affects tumour development by regulating cell apoptosis.

The 14-3-3 protein OsGF14f interacts with OsbZIP23 and enhances its activity to confer osmotic stress tolerance in rice.

Drought, which can induce osmotic stress, is the leading environmental constraint on crop productivity. Plants in both agricultural and natural settings have developed various mechanisms to cope with drought stress. The identification of genes associated with drought stress tolerance and understanding the underlying regulatory mechanisms are prerequisites for developing molecular manipulation strategies to address this issue.

Genome-wide association mapping and gene expression analysis reveal candidate genes for grain chalkiness in rice.

Grain chalkiness is the main factor determining the market value of rice. Reducing chalkiness is an important breeding goal for genetic improvement of high quality rice. Identification of QTLs or genes controlling chalkiness is the prerequisite for molecular breeding in rice.

Bufei Yishen Formula Inhibits the Cell Senescence in COPD by Up-Regulating the ZNF263 and Klotho Expression.

Background: Bufei Yishen formula (BYF) is an effective prescription for the clinical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the molecular mechanism by which it exerts its pharmacological effects remains to be explored.

Methods: The human bronchial cell line BEAS-2B was treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE).

Overexpression of enhances salinity tolerance but reduces blast resistance in rice.

High-salinity and blast disease are two major stresses that cause dramatic yield loss in rice production. () have been reported to play important role in biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the roles of remain unknown.

A pangenome analysis pipeline provides insights into functional gene identification in rice.

Background: A pangenome aims to capture the complete genetic diversity within a species and reduce bias in genetic analysis inherent in using a single reference genome. However, the current linear format of most plant pangenomes limits the presentation of position information for novel sequences. Graph pangenomes have been developed to overcome this limitation.

OsFLZ2 interacts with OsMADS51 to fine-tune rice flowering time.

Flowering time is an important agronomic trait affecting crop yield. FCS-LIKE ZINC FINGER (FLZ) proteins are plant-specific regulatory proteins that are involved in multiple biological processes. However, their roles in plant flowering time control have not been clarified.

Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal New Insights into the Regulatory Mechanism of Head Milled Rice Rate.

The head milled rice rate (HMRR) is the most important trait of milling quality, which affects the final yield and quality of rice. However, few genes related to HMRR have been identified and the regulatory mechanism of HMRR remains elusive. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis integrating the transcriptome sequencing of developing seeds at the grain-filling stage and a metabolome analysis of brown rice between two groups of accessions with contrasting performances in HMRR.

Genome-wide association mapping and gene expression analysis identify as a new candidate gene controlling early seedling length in rice.

High seedling vigor can improve the ability to compete against weeds and flooding at the seedling stage and is essential for the direct seeding of rice. Early shoot length is an important performance index in seedling vigor evaluation. However, information on the identity of rice germplasm with high seedling vigor, and the genetic basis of seedling vigor are not well understood.

Mining candidate genes for rice cadmium accumulation in the shoot through a genome-wide association study and transcriptomic analysis.

High cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice is a serious threat to human health. The genetic mechanism of Cd accumulation in rice is highly complicated. To identify the low Cd accumulation in rice germplasm, investigate the genetic mechanism underlying Cd accumulation, and mine the elite genes of significant importance for rice breeding of low Cd accumulation varieties, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for rice Cd concentration in the shoot.

Segmental aneuploidies with 1 Mb resolution in human preimplantation blastocysts.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the spectrum and characteristics of segmental aneuploidies (SAs) of <10 megabase (Mb) length in human preimplantation blastocysts.

Methods: Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy was performed in 15,411 blastocysts from 5171 patients using a validated 1 Mb resolution platform. The characteristics and spectrum of SAs, including the incidence, sizes, type, inheritance pattern, clinical significance, and embryo distribution, were studied.

[Effect of Winter Cover Cropping on Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Dryland Spring Maize Field on the Loess Plateau of China].

A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of winter cover cropping on soil greenhouse gas emissions in dryland maize. Four cover crop treatments, namely oat, lentil, a mixture of oat and lentil, and no cover crops (CK), were included during the winter fallow period. Greenhouse gas emission fluxes from soil were measured using the static chamber-gas chromatograph technique.

Overexpression of Enhances Quantitative Leaf Blast and Bacterial Blight Resistance in Rice.

Although it is known that rice 14-3-3 family genes are involved in various defense responses, the functions of in response to diseases have not been reported. Here, we showed that the transcription of was significantly induced by leaf blast infection, and the overexpression of quantitatively enhanced resistance to leaf blast and bacterial blight in rice. Further analysis showed that the expression levels of salicylic acid (SA) pathway-associated genes (, , and ) in the -overexpressing plants, were higher than those in wild-type plants after inoculation with the blast isolate ( Barr).

Short-term moderate caloric restriction in a high-fat diet alleviates obesity via AMPK/SIRT1 signaling in white adipocytes and liver.

Background: Obesity is a growing problem for public health worldwide. Calorie restriction (CR) is a safety and effective life intervention to defend against obesity. Short-term moderate CR may be a more favorable strategy against this pathology.

Effects of Fallow Management Practices on Soil Water, Crop Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat Monoculture System: A Meta-Analysis.

Winter wheat monoculture is a predominant cropping system for agricultural production in dry areas. However, fallow management effects on soil water conservation and crop yield and water use have been inconsistent among studies. We selected 137 studies and performed a meta-analysis to test the effects of tillage and mulching during the fallow period on precipitation storage efficiency (PSE), soil water storage at wheat planting (SWSp), crop yield, evapotranspiration (ET), and water use efficiency (WUE).

Genome-Wide Association Study of Pericarp Color in Rice Using Different Germplasm and Phenotyping Methods Reveals Different Genetic Architectures.

Pericarp colors (PC) in rice are determined by the types and content of flavonoids in the pericarp. The flavonoid compounds have strong antioxidant activities and are beneficial to human health. However, the genetic basis of PC in rice is still not well-understood.