A Novel Extract From Ginkgo biloba Inhibits Neuroinflammation and Maintains White Matter Integrity in Experimental Stroke.

Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extract (GBE) has been added in many commercial herbal formulations such as EGb 761 and Shuxuening Injection to treat cardiovascular diseases and stroke worldwide. However, the comprehensive effects of GBE on cerebral ischemia remained unclear.

Dual antiplatelet therapy improves functional recovery and inhibits inflammation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Background: Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel (ASA + CPG) during the first 21 days has been shown to reduce the risk of major ischemic events in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke. However, the mechanisms underlying combination treatment with ASA + CPG in experimental ischemic stroke has not been fully elucidated.

Methods: Minor cerebral ischemia was induced in mice by transient distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (tdMCAO).

IKKα contributes to ischemia-induced autophagy after acute cerebral ischemic injury.

Background: The function of IκB kinase α (IKKα) in the brain is largely unknown. This study examined the effects of IKKα on autophagy after cerebral ischemia.

Methods: Permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) was conducted in C57/BL6 mice.

The potential roles of mA modification in regulating the inflammatory response in microglia.

Background: Microglia are key regulators of the inflammatory response in the brain. Adenosine in RNAs can be converted to mA (N-methyladenosine), which regulates RNA metabolism and functions as a key epitranscriptomic modification. The mA modification pattern and mA-related signatures under pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory conditions of microglia remain unclear.

Salidroside Inhibits Reactive Astrogliosis and Glial Scar Formation in Late Cerebral Ischemia via the Akt/GSK-3β Pathway.

Cerebral ischemia leads to reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation. Glial scarring can impede functional restoration during the recovery phase of stroke. Salidroside has been shown to have neuroprotective effects after ischemic stroke, but its impact on long-term neurological recovery, especially whether it regulates reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation, is unclear.

A preclinical randomized controlled study of ischemia treated with Ginkgo biloba extracts: Are complex components beneficial for treating acute stroke?

The rigorous design of preclinical experimental studies of candidate neuroprotectants for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke is crucial for the success of subsequent randomized clinical trials. The efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extracts (GBEs) in complex mixtures for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke remains unclear. In this preclinical randomized controlled trail (pRCT), the effects of a novel (n)GBE containing pinitol versus traditional (t)GBE without pinitol were evaluated on the mouse models of acute transient and permanent stroke, separately.

Preparation and antioxidant properties of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) By-products protein hydrolysates and ultra filtration fractions.

Protein isolate from crayfish by-products (CBPI) were hydrolyzed using Alcalase, neutrase, pancreatin and bromelain. Hydrolysis by Alcalase had more remarkable digesting efficiency on crayfish by-products protein than that by the other enzymes. Therefore, protein hydrolysate from Alcalase digestion (CBPHa) was selected to be fractionated by ultrafiltration according to molecular weight into three fractions F1 (MW <1kDa), F2 (MW 1-3kDa) and F3 (MW 3-10kDa).

Brain-selective mild hypothermia promotes long-term white matter integrity after ischemic stroke in mice.

Introduction: The neuroprotective effects of hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke are well documented. However, the mechanisms involved in the effects remain to be clearly elucidated and the role of hypothermia on long-term white matter integrity after acute ischemic stroke has yet to be investigated.

Aims: To investigate the role of mild focal hypothermia on long-term white matter (WM) integrity after transient cerebral ischemia.

Mild therapeutic hypothermia protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting miR-15b expression in rats.

Objective: Mild hypothermia has a protective effect on ischemic stroke, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated microRNA (miRNA) profiles and the specific role of miRNAs in ischemic stroke treated with mild hypothermia.

Materials And Methods: Male adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to focal transient cerebral ischemia.

Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia Protects the Brain from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Upregulation of iASPP.

Mild therapeutic hypothermia, a robust neuroprotectant, reduces neuronal apoptosis, but the precise mechanism is not well understood. Our previous study showed that a novel inhibitor of an apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (iASPP) might be involved in neuronal death after stroke. The aim of this study was to confirm the role of iASPP after stroke treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia.

Salidroside provides neuroprotection by modulating microglial polarization after cerebral ischemia.

Background: Following stroke, microglia can be driven to the "classically activated" pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype and the "alternatively activated" anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. Salidroside (SLDS) is known to inhibit inflammation and to possess protective effects in neurological diseases, but to date, the exact mechanisms involved in these processes after stroke have yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of SLDS on neuroprotection and microglial polarization after stroke.

Curcumin Protects against Ischemic Stroke by Titrating Microglia/Macrophage Polarization.

Stroke is the most common type of cerebrovascular disease and is a leading cause of disability and death. Ischemic stroke accounts for approximately 80% of all strokes. The remaining 20% of strokes are hemorrhagic in nature.

One-step chromatographic procedure for purification of B-phycoerythrin from Porphyridium cruentum.

B-phycoerythrin (B-PE) was separated and purified from microalga Porphyridium cruentum using one-step chromatographic method. Phycobiliproteins in P. cruentum was extracted by osmotic shock and initially purified by ultrafiltration.

Overexpression of iASPP-SV in glioma is associated with poor prognosis by promoting cell viability and antagonizing apoptosis.

Inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (iASPP), encoded by PPP1R13L gene, is often overexpressed in human cancers. From the PPP1R13L gene, at least two isoforms, iASPP-L and iASPP-SV, are produced through alternative splicing. However, the role of these isoforms in glioma is still elusive.

Hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of a polysaccharide fraction from Enteromorpha prolifera.

A polysaccharide fraction (EPF2) was obtained from the crude polysaccharides of Enteromorpha prolifera by a series isolation procedure. Monosaccharide components analysis indicated that EPF2 was composed of rhamnose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose in a molar ratio of 3.64:1.

Adsorption and desorption properties of macroporous resins for anthocyanins from the calyx extract of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.).

Adsorption of roselle anthocynins, a natural pigment, onto various macroporous resins was optimized to develop a simple and efficient process for industrial separation and purification of roselle anthocyanins. Nine different macroporous resins (AB-8, X-5, HPD-100, SP-207, XAD-4, LS-305A, DM-21, LS-610B, and LS-305) were evaluated for the adsorption properties of the anthocyanins extracted from the calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. The influences of phase contact time, solution pH, initial anthocyanin concentration, and ethanol concentration with different citric acid amounts were studied by the static adsorption/desorption method.

High-cell-density fermentation for ergosterol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The direct feedback control of glucose using an on-line ethanol concentration monitor for ergosterol production by high-cell-density fermentation was investigated and the fermentation parameters (e.g., pH, dissolved oxygen, ethanol concentration, oxygen uptake rate, carbon dioxide evolution rate and respiratory quotient) were analyzed.

Effect of nitrogen limitation on the ergosterol production by fed-batch culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The diversity and content of available nitrogen sources in the growth medium both are very important in the accumulation of ergosterol in the yeast cell membrane. Growth on the good nitrogen sources such as ammonia can harvest more yeast cells than on poor ones, but ergosterol content in those yeast cells is relatively lower. Ergosterol content, one of the most variable parameters in ergosterol production by yeast cultivation, is greatly influenced by nitrogen limitation.