Low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharides form stable complexes with human lactoferrin.

Proteins in tears, including human lactoferrin (HLF), can be deposited and denatured on contact lenses, increasing the risk of microbial cell attachment to the lens and ocular complications. The surfactants currently used in commercial contact lens care solutions have low clearance ability for tear proteins. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) binds to a variety of proteins and has potential for use in protein removal, especially in contact lens care solutions.

Characterization of 405B8H3(D-E), a newly engineered high affinity chimeric LAG-3 antibody with potent antitumor activity.

Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a type I transmembrane protein with structural similarities to CD4. Overexpression of LAG-3 enables cancer cells to escape immune surveillance, while its blockade reinvigorates exhausted T cells and strengthens anti-infection immunity. Blockade of LAG-3 may have antitumor effects.

Human Papillomavirus E1 Protein Regulates Gene Expression in Cells Involved in Immune Response.

Human papillomavirus belongs to papovaviridae family papillomavirus A, a spherical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus, which can cause the proliferation of squamous epithelial cells of human skin or mucous membranes. With the rapid increase in the incidence of condyloma acuminatum among STDs and the increase in diseases caused by HPV infection, HPV infection has seriously endangered human health. In this paper, the in vitro detection of HPV E1 protein was realized using AgNCs-dsDNA.

A Broad-Range Disposable Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes for Detection of Human Noroviruses.

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the major non-bacterial pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis in people of all ages worldwide. No stable culture system is available for routing the detection of multiple strains of HuNoVs. A simple and rapid method for detection of HuNoVs is of great significance for preventing and controlling this pathogen.

Advances and Future Perspective on Detection Technology of Human Norovirus.

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a food-borne pathogen that causes acute gastroenteritis in people of all ages worldwide. However, no approved vaccines and antiviral drugs are available at present. Therefore, the development of accurate and rapid detection technologies is important in controlling the outbreak of HuNoVs.

Effects of Impeller Geometry on the 11α-Hydroxylation of Canrenone in Rushton Turbine-Stirred Tanks.

The 11α-hydroxylation of canrenone can be catalyzed by in bioreactors, where the geometry of the impeller greatly influences the biotransformation. In this study, the effects of the blade number and impeller diameter of a Rushton turbine on the 11α-hydroxylation of canrenone were considered. The results of fermentation experiments using a 50 mm four-blade impeller showed that 3.

A temperature-induced chitosanase bacterial cell-surface display system for the efficient production of chitooligosaccharides.

Objective: To establish a temperature-induced chitosanase bacterial cell-surface display system to produce chitooligosaccharides (COSs) efficiently for industrial applications.

Results: Temperature-inducible chitosanase CSN46A bacterial surface display systems containing one or two copies of ice nucleation protein (InaQ-N) as anchoring motifs were successfully constructed on the basis of Escherichia coli and named as InaQ-N-CSN46A (1 copy) and 2InaQ-N-CSN46A (2 copies). The specific enzyme activity of 2InaQ-N-CSN46A reached 761.

Biotransformation of 12-hydroxystearic acid to gamma-decalactone: Comparison of two separation systems.

Biotransformation of natural products to the natural flavoring, gamma-decalactone (GDL), has attracted considerable attention. However, improving its yield is challenging due to its high feedback inhibition of yeast cells, which lowers the productivity of the biotransformation process. In this study, we compared two in situ separation processes established by adding either resin (HZ-816) or cyclopentasiloxane (DC345) to a biotransformation medium and investigated their efficiency and effect on yeast metabolism.

Improved 11α-hydroxycanrenone production by modification of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene in Aspergillus ochraceus.

Eplerenone is a drug that protects the cardiovascular system. 11α-Hydroxycanrenone is a key intermediate in eplerenone synthesis. We found that although the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system in Aspergillus ochraceus strain MF018 could catalyse the conversion of canrenone to 11α-hydroxycanrenone, its biocatalytic efficiency is low.

Bacterial Cellulose-Alginate Composite Beads as Cell Carriers for Lactone Production.

The demand for natural lactone gamma-decalactone (GDL) has increased in the fields of food and cosmetic products. However, low productivity during bioprocessing limits its industrial production. In this study, a novel composite porous cell carrier, bacterial cellulose-alginate (BC-ALG), was used for long-term biotransformation and production of GDL.

Whole-Genome Sequence of sp. Strain MF024, Isolated from Soil in Shanghai, China.

We report here the draft genome sequence of sp. strain MF024, a bacterium that can biosynthesize 2-phenylethanol through both the Ehrlich pathway and a pathway. It has potential use for the production of 2-phenylethanol.

Enhanced Biotransformation Productivity of Gamma-Decalactone from Ricinoleic Acid Based on the Expanded Vermiculite Delivery System.

Natural gamma-decalactone (GDL) produced by biotransformation is an essential food additive with a peach-like aroma. However, the difficulty of effectively controlling the concentration of the substrate ricinoleic acid (RA) in water limits the biotransformation productivity, which is a bottleneck for industrialization. In this study, expanded vermiculite (E-V) was utilized as a carrier of RA to increase its distribution in the medium.

Characterization of conditions for bacteria-human norovirus capsid P protein complex (BPC) binding to and removal from Romaine lettuce extract.

Norovirus is a very contagious virus that causes acute gastroenteritis. Contaminated produce is a main vehicle for dissemination of human noroviruses (HuNoVs). As HuNoVs could bind to bacteria effectively, it is highly possible that produce could be contaminated by bacteria-HuNoVs complex.

Bacterial Surface-Displayed GII.4 Human Norovirus Capsid Proteins Bound to HBGA-Like Molecules in Romaine Lettuce.

Human Noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the main cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis. Contaminated produce is a main vehicle for dissemination of HuNoVs. In this study, we used an ice nucleation protein mediated surface display system to present the protruding domain of GII.

Enhanced biotransformation of 2-phenylethanol with ethanol oxidation in a solid-liquid two-phase system by active dry yeast.

2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) can be produced from L: -phenylalanine (L: -Phe) with the oxidation degradation of ethanol by active dry yeast. In this study, the catalysis effect of ethanol on biotransforming L: -Phe into 2-PE by yeast was evaluated and optimized. The results indicated that increasing ethanol concentration was beneficial for enhancing 2-PE concentration but lowered the 2-PE productivity.

Efficient synthesis of naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazine derivatives via a chemoselective reaction with the aid of low-valent titanium reagent.

A series of new naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazine derivatives such as trans-1,3-diaryl-1H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazine-2(3H)-carbonyl chloride, 1-aryl-2-benzyl-1,2- dihydronaphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazine-3-one, and trans-1,3-diaryl-1H-naphtho[1,2-e] [1,3]oxazine-2(3H)-carbaldehyde were selectively synthesized via a chemoselective reaction of 1,3-diaryl-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazines and triphosgene or triethyl orthoformate, respectively, induced by different low-valent titanium systems. This method has the advantages of short reaction time (15 min), convenient manipulation, and high chemoselectivity.

[The product identification study on the isolating process of strains produced trehalose].

In the isolating process of stains whose endocellular enzymes can produce trehalose on starch or maltooligosaccharides, we discovered the components of enzymatic reactant were complicated and it was difficult to purify them each other, however, we have to know quickly whether there was tehalose in the enzymatic reactant above. In order to make it clearly, thinner layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance were adopted. The unknown oligosaccharide produced by Arthrobacter nicotinovorus D-97 was identified rapidly and this unknown oligosaccharide needn't be purified from the enzymatic reactant solely.

[Study on the production of trehalose by bacterium D-97 endocellular enzymes using HPLC/RI and HPLC/ESI-MS].

The mechanism in which trehalose is produced from dextrin or starch hydrolyzate by endocellular enzymes of bacterium D-97 can be elucidated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with differential refraction detection (RI) basically, including the effect of the different carbon sources on the endocellular trehalose-producing enzymes in bacterium D-97 and the possibility or ability of the endocellular enzymes to produce trehalose using maltooligosaccharides of different chain lengths. After purification of endocellular enzymes of bacterium D-97, two enzymes (called Enzyme A and Enzyme B) related to trehalose synthesis were found. The unknown oligosaccharides produced by Enzyme A were analyzed with the HPLC/RI and HPLC/ESI-MS (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry).