Protist ubiquitin ligase effector PbE3-2 targets cysteine protease RD21A to impede plant immunity.

Clubroot, caused by the soil-borne protist pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae, is one of the most devastating diseases of Brassica oil and vegetable crops worldwide. Understanding the pathogen infection strategy is crucial for the development of disease control. However, because of its obligate biotrophic nature, the molecular mechanism by which this pathogen promotes infection remains largely unknown.

A rapid method for detecting and distinguishing metallo-β-lactamase-and serine carbapenemase-producing using MALDI-TOF MS.

Introduction: Carbapenemase-producing (CPE) are a major health threat worldwide, and therefore the development of rapid detection methods is needed. Here, we established a method to distinguish metallo-β-lactamase and serine carbapenemases using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and phenylboronic acid (PB).

Methods: To assess the specificity and sensitivity of the method, 110 carbapenemase-producing and 72 carbapenemase-negative isolates were collected, among which 51 strains produced only metallo-β-lactamase, 55 strains only serine carbapenemases, and four strains both metallo-β-lactamase and serine carbapenemases.

[Characterization of qnr gene for plasmid-mediated quionlone resistance].

Objective: To explore the distribution of qnr gene and broad spectrum p-lactamase (ESBLs) gene in gram-negative bacteria which were isolated from our hospital patients.

Methods: qnr gene in nonrepetitive 129 isolates of Escherichia coli, 10 isolates of Enterobacter cloacac and 29 isolates of K. pneunoniae were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).