The changes of intrinsic connectivity contrast in young smokers.

Previous studies demonstrated that reward circuit plays an important role in smoking. The differences of functional and structural connectivity were found among several brain regions such as thalamus and frontal lobe. However, few studies focused on functional connectivity (FC) in whole-brain voxel level of young smokers.

Right arcuate fasciculus and left uncinate fasciculus abnormalities in young smoker.

Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies had investigated the white matter (WM) integrity abnormalities in smokers. Exposure to nicotine disrupts neurodevelopment during adolescence, possibly by disrupting the trophic effects of acetylcholine. However, little is known about the diffusion parameters of specific fibre bundles at multiple locations in young smokers.

Abnormal resting-state EEG power and impaired inhibition control in young smokers.

Exposure to nicotine during adolescence may cause neurophysiological changes and increase the risks of developing nicotine dependence; it can even lead to lifelong smoking. The intake of nicotine may also lead to abnormal patterns of oscillatory brain activity and inhibition control deficits. However, little is known about the specific relationship between oscillatory brain activity during the resting state and inhibition control capacity in young smokers.