DPA714 PET Imaging Shows That Inflammation of the Choroid Plexus Is Active in Chronic-Phase Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Purpose: Our aims were to investigate the presence of choroid plexus (CP) inflammation in chronic-phase intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients and to characterize any inflammatory cells in the CP.

Patients And Methods: An in vivo 18 F-DPA714 PET study was undertaken in 22 chronic-phase ICH patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University or Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from April 2017 to June 2020. Ten control participants with nonhemorrhagic central nervous system diseases were included.

Visualization of Thromboinflammation by 18F-DPA-714 PET in a Stroke Patient.

A 44-year-old man who presented with progressive right limb weakness was diagnosed with ischemic stroke. He was referred for 18F-DPA-714 PET/CT for evaluation of the disease. 18F-DPA-714 PET/CT showed increased uptake of the intracranial thrombus.

Head-to-Head Comparison of Ga-NODAGA-JR11 and Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in Patients with Metastatic, Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors: Interim Analysis of a Prospective Bicenter Study.

The current study aimed to compare Ga-NODAGA-Cpa-cyclo(d-Cys-amino-Phe-hydroorotic acid-d-4-amino-Phe(carbamoyl)-Lys-Thr-Cys)-d-Tyr-NH (JR11) and Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in patients with metastatic, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. A prospective bicenter study aimed at enrolling 100 patients with histologically proven, metastatic or unresectable, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors was conducted. The first 48 patients represented the study cohort.

Nuclear Medicine Application of Pentixafor/Pentixather Targeting CXCR4 for Imaging and Therapy in Related Disease.

C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a novel predictive biomarker for metastasis and poor prognosis in individuals with malignancies. CXCL12 is the only cognate ligand of CXCR4. CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathways are involved in the cross-talk among cancer cells, T cells, stromal cells, and their microenvironments, including the regulation and direction of T cell migration (chemotaxis), proliferation, and differentiation of immature progenitor stem cells.

Recent Advances in F-Labeled Amino Acids Synthesis and Application.

Radiolabeled amino acids are an important class of agents for positron emission tomography imaging that target amino acid transporters in many tumor types. Traditional F-labeled amino acid synthesis strategies are always based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with multistep radiosynthesis and low radiochemical yields. In recent years, new F-labeling methodologies such as metal-catalyzed radiofluorination and heteroatom (B, P, S, Si, etc.

[Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT Improves the T Staging of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Comparison with [F]F-FDG.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the value of [Ga]Ga-labelled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor ([Ga]Ga-FAPI) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the initial staging of patients with newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), compared with 2-deoxy-2[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]F-FDG) PET/CT.

Materials And Methods: Forty-seven treatment-naïve patients with newly diagnosed NPC underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT and [F]F-FDG PET/CT within 1 week. The diagnostic efficiency of all imaging modalities for evaluating primary tumour extension was compared from the two aspects of soft tissue and bony structure involvement.

Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging in radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC) patients.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the potential of Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT for the detection of the radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC) lesions.

Methods: We analyzed the Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging data of 24 RR-DTC patients (7 men and 17 women; 49.6 ± 10.

Accurate preoperative staging with [Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: a comparison to 2-[F]FDG PET/CT.

Objective: To evaluate the potential value of [Ga]Ga-labelled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor ([Ga]Ga-FAPI) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in preoperative staging for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as compared to 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-[F]FDG) PET/CT.

Methods: Thirty-six treatment-naïve patients with OSCC who underwent 2-[F]FDG and [Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT for preoperative staging were enrolled. The maximum standardised uptake value (SUV) of the primary tumour and suspected cervical metastatic lymph nodes, and the tumour-to-background ratio (TBR) of the primary tumour, were measured.

Biodistribution and Dosimetry Evaluation for a Novel Tau Tracer [F]-S16 in Healthy Volunteers and Its Application in Assessment of Tau Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease.

The goal of this study was to report a fully automated radiosynthetic procedure of a novel tau tracer [F]-S16 and its safety, biodistribution, and dosimetry in healthy volunteers as well as the potential utility of [F]-S16 positron emission tomography (PET) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The automated radiosynthesis of [F]-S16 was performed on a GE Tracerlab FX2 N module. For the biodistribution and dosimetry study, healthy volunteers underwent a series of PET scans acquired at 10, 60, 120, and 240 min post-injection.

Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA PET/CT Imaging: Biodistribution, Dosimetry, and Preliminary Application in Prostate Cancer.

: This prospective trial aimed to evaluate the safety, dosimetry, and biodistribution of a novel theranostic probe Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA. Also, we have performed the first preliminary application with Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. : Five healthy volunteers and ten PCa patients were injected with an intravenous bolus of Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA.

Pleural Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Depicted by 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT.

A 43-year-old woman with history of papillary thyroid cancer status post total thyroidectomy and neck dissection and multiple radioiodine therapy developed dyspnea and cough. CT scan of the chest showed left pleural thickening and pleural effusion. The pathology from pleural biopsy demonstrated the metastases from papillary thyroid cancer.

Chinese patients with hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs): a protocol for a hospital-based cohort study.

Introduction: Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are uncommon but not rare neurodegenerative diseases. More than 100 pathogenic genes and loci related to spastic paraplegia symptoms have been reported. HSPs have the same core clinical features, including progressive spasticity in the lower limbs, though HSPs are heterogeneous (eg, clinical signs, MRI features, gene mutation).

Fibroblast Activation Protein-α Responsive Peptide Assembling Prodrug Nanoparticles for Remodeling the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and Boosting Cancer Immunotherapy.

Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has broad application prospects in the clinical treatment of malignant tumors. However, the low response rate of the checkpoint blockade is due to low tumor immunogenicity and immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. Herein, the authors design an amphiphilic bifunctional PD-1/PD-L1 peptide antagonist PCP, and co-deliver doxorubicin (DOX) and R848 through co-assembly of a multi-agent prodrug (PCP@R848/DOX), which can be specifically cleaved by fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP-α) in the tumor stroma.

A prospective randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Ga-NODAGA-LM3 and Ga-DOTA-LM3 in patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors: compared with Ga-DOTATATE.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of  Ga-NODAGA-LM3 and  Ga-DOTA-LM3 and compare them with  Ga-DOTATATE in patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors.

Methods: Patients were prospectively recruited and equally randomized into two arms: Arm A, patients would undergo a whole-body  Ga-NODAGA-LM3 PET/CT scan on the 1st day and  Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan on the 2nd day; Arm B, patients would undergo a whole-body  Ga-DOTA-LM3 PET/CT scan on the 1st day and  Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan on the 2nd day. Biodistribution in normal organs, lesion detection ability, and tumor uptake were compared between antagonist and agonist in each arm.

Reference values of mandibular condylar growth activity: a study of SUVmax with quantitative bone SPECT/CT.

Objective: To assess the condylar growth activity (CGA) with quantitative bone single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) to establish reference values of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and cutoff values for identifying active unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) in different ages.

Methods: We analyzed the CGA of 58 UCH patients and that of 125 volunteers as a control group by SUVmax of quantitative bone SPECT/CT imaging. The SUVmax and the uptake difference between bilateral condyles among different age groups were analyzed.

CXCR4-Directed PET/CT with [Ga]Pentixafor in Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Comparison with [F]FDG PET/CT.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the value of [ Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT for the detection of lesions in central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) patients before chemotherapy, during treatment and suspected CSNL recurrence, compared with 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).

Procedures: Twenty-six patients with newly or previously diagnosed CNSL who underwent [ Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT were included retrospectively. Histopathological results, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and follow-up were used as the standard reference.

68Ga-FAPI and 18F-PET/CT Images in Intestinal Tuberculosis.

A 28-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, bowel dysfunction, and weight loss for 3 months. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed multiple hypermetabolic lesions in the intestines and peritoneal thickening/caking with moderate FDG activity. 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed intense FAPI uptake in the aforementioned FDG-avid lesions and a larger number of abnormal foci with intense FAPI uptake in the peritoneum than that shown in 18F-FDG images.

Characterization of the benign lesions with increased Ga-FAPI-04 uptake in PET/CT.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to characterize benign lesions showing increased Ga-FAPI-04 uptake on FAPI PET/CT.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 182 patients with suspected various cancers who were performed Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging from August 2020 to December 2020. The diagnoses of the benign lesions were made by the CT findings (CT), other imaging information (OII) (contrast enhance CT, FDG PET, ultrasound, MRI or others), clinical information (CI) (medical history, laboratory examination, symptom, physical sign and follow-up information) or histological biopsy (HB).

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Caused by Neuro-Behçet Disease Accidentally Detected by 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT.

A 26-year-old man presented with recurrent oral ulcer, temporal headache, and blurred vision for 4 months. The giant cell arteritis was suspected, and 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT were done. There was no hypermetabolic lesion in 18F-FDG PET/CT.

[γδ1 T cells derived from breast cancer tissue induce immunosenescence of naive CD4 T cells by producing IL-17D].

Objective To investigate the mechanism underlying the immunosuppressive effect and its reverse of γδ1 T cells derived from breast cancer tissues by inducing immunosenescence. Methods After γδ1 T cells isolated from breast cancer tissues were co-cultured with peripheral blood-derived naive CD4 T cells, the proliferation of treated CD4 T cells was detected by CCK-8 assay, and the activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) in treated CD4 T cells was detected by SA-β-Gal staining. After the induced senescent CD4 T cells were co-cultured with the naive CD4 T cells, the proliferation, apoptosis, activity of the treated CD4 T cells were examined by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and SA-β-Gal staining, respectively; the expression of cell cycle-associated proteins P53, P21 and P16 in the treated CD4 T cells was detected by Western blot analysis in order to verify the immunosuppressive effect of the senescent CD4 T cells.

Burkitt Lymphoma/Leukemia Presented on 68Ga-Pentixafor and 18F-FDG PET/CT.

An 18-year-old man with newly diagnosed Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia was referred for 18F-FDG and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT. 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT revealed similar radioactivity uptake pattern to the 18F-FDG PET/CT in superior phrenic lymph node, ascending colon, ileocecum, peritoneal, marrow, and spleen. This case highlighted that it might be interesting to further investigate the role of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT imaging in staging, treatment evaluation, and especially the feasibility of CXCR4-directed radioligand therapy in Burkitt lymphoma with positive expression of CXCR4.

Identification of testicular Foxq1 as a critical modulator of lactate metabolism in mouse Sertoli cells.

Postmeiotic germ cells require the lactate produced by the adjacent Sertoli cells (SCs) as their sole energy fuels. Lactate production in SCs is elaborately regulated by monitoring the transcription of the lactate dehydrogenase A (Ldha) gene. However, the transcription factors that are responsible for the control of Ldha transcription in SCs remain ill defined.

68Ga-DOTATATE and 68Ga-NODAGA-JR11 PET/CT Images in a Patient With Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor.

A 52-year-old man with newly diagnosed gastric neuroendocrine tumor (NET) underwent 68Ga-NODAGA-JR11 and 68Ga-DOTATATE imaging. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showed no 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake in the lesion, where 68Ga-NODAGA-JR11 showed intense uptake. The patient subsequently received endoscopic submucosal dissection and en bloc resection of the lesion, which was pathologically confirmed as gastric NET (G2).