The barley Mla locus contains functionally diversified genes that encode intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) and confer strain-specific immunity to biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens. In this study, we isolated a barley gene Scs6, which is an allelic variant of Mla genes but confers susceptibility to the isolate ND90Pr (Bs) of the necrotrophic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana. We generated Scs6 transgenic barley lines and showed that Scs6 is sufficient to confer susceptibility to Bs in barley genotypes naturally lacking the receptor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFusarium head blight is a destructive disease of small grains. The disease is predominantly caused by the haploid ascomycete fungus in North America. To understand the genetics of quantitative traits for sensitivity to fungicides in this fungal pathogen, we conducted a genome-wide association study of sensitivity to two demethylation inhibition class fungicides, tebuconazole and prothioconazole, using an population of 183 isolates collected between 1981 and 2013 from North Dakota.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFusarium mycotoxin contamination of malting barley has been a persistent food safety issue for malting companies. In this study, the effect of hop essential oil (HEO) nanoemulsion on fungal biomass and mycotoxin production during the malting process was evaluated. Furthermore, the localization of fungal hyphae on the surface and inside the tissue of barley and malts was observed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo genes ( and ) conferring susceptibility to Fusarium head blight and tan spot, Septoria nodorum blotch, and spot blotch in wheat were targeted through wide hybridization with maize expressing Cas9 and guide RNA (gRNA). For each gene, two target sites were selected and corresponding gRNA expression cassettes were synthesized and cloned into a binary vector carrying the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing machinery. The constructed binary vectors were used to transform the hybrid maize Hi-II through an -mediated approach to generate T0 and T1 plants, which were used to cross with wheat variety Dayn for targeting or the susceptible allele () of as well as with the near-isogenic line (Day-) of Dayn for targeting the resistant allele () of .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFusarium crown rot (FCR) and sharp eyespot (SE) are serious soil-borne diseases in wheat and its relatives that have been reported to cause wheat yield losses in many areas. In this study, the expression of a cell wall invertase gene, TaCWI-B1, was identified to be associated with FCR resistance through a combination of bulk segregant RNA sequencing and genome resequencing in a recombinant inbred line population. Two bi-parental populations were developed to further verify TaCWI-B1 association with FCR resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFis a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes foliar and root diseases on wheat and barley. These diseases are common in all wheat- and barley-growing regions, with more severe outbreaks occurring under warm and humid conditions. can also infect a wide range of grass species in the family Poaceae and secrete , an important necrotrophic effector also identified other wheat leaf spotting pathogens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe identified and integrated the novel FHB-resistant Fhb7 allele into wheat B genome and made it usable in both common and durum wheat breeding programs without yellow flour linkage drag. A novel tall wheatgrass-derived (Thinopyrum elongatum, genome EE) Fhb7 allele, designated Fhb7, was identified and integrated into the wheat B genome through a small 7B-7E translocation (7BS·7BL-7EL) involving the terminal regions of the long arms. Fhb7 conditions significant Type II resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis work aims to investigate antifungal, mycotoxin inhibitory efficacy of the hop essential oil (HEO) nanoemulsion and their mode of action (MOA) against Fusarium graminearum isolate, a fungal pathogen causing Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in cereal crops. The HEO, primarily consisting of terpenes and terpenoids, was encapsulated in nanoemulsion droplets. Physically stable HEO-in-water nanoemulsion was fabricated using 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHexaploid-derived resistance genes exhibit complex inheritance and expression patterns in tetraploid backgrounds. This study aimed to characterize the inheritance patterns and genomic compatibilities of hexaploid-derived Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance genes in tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease in wheat. The use of resistant germplasm from diverse sources can significantly improve resistance to the disease. "Surpresa" is a Brazilian spring wheat cultivar with moderate FHB resistance, different from currently used sources.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Plant Microbe Interact
April 2022
The fungus causes tan spot, an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. The fungal pathogen produces three necrotrophic effectors, namely Ptr ToxA, Ptr ToxB, and Ptr ToxC to induce necrosis or chlorosis in wheat. Both Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB are proteins, and their encoding genes have been cloned.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPyrenophora tritici-repentis is an ascomycete fungus that causes tan spot of wheat. The disease has a worldwide distribution and can cause significant yield and quality losses in wheat production. The fungal pathogen is homothallic in nature, which means it can undergo sexual reproduction by selfing to produce pseudothecia on wheat stubble for seasonal survival.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe resistance gene Sr13 is one of the most important genes in durum wheat for controlling stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommon root rot (CRR) and crown rot (CR), caused by and species, respectively, can cause significant yield losses in cereal crops. To assess the prevalence, incidence, and severity of these diseases in North Dakota, wheat samples were collected from spring wheat fields across the state in 2012, 2013, and 2014. Based on subcrown internode symptoms, a greater incidence and severity of CRR was observed in 2012 (warm and dry year) than in 2013 and 2014.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn May 2019, sugar beet ( L.) seedlings with symptoms of wilting and root tip discoloration and necrosis were found in Moorhead (46.5507° N, 96.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To develop a deep learning-based method with information fusion of US images and RF signals for better classification of thyroid nodules (TNs).
Methods: One hundred sixty-three pairs of US images and RF signals of TNs from a cohort of adult patients were used for analysis. We developed an information fusion-based joint convolutional neural network (IF-JCNN) for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign TNs.
Mol Plant Microbe Interact
February 2021
(Scaufl. & Munaut) is one of the most important fungal pathogens that cause ear and stalk rots in maize. In this study, we sequenced genomes of two isolates (KFI615 and KFI660) isolated from corn ears in Poland.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFusarium mycotoxin contamination in malting barley is of great concerns in malting industry. Our recent study found that clove oil nanoemulsions can act as highly efficient antifungal agents in vitro. Therefore, we explored the efficacy of clove oil nanoemulsions on Fusarium growth and mycotoxin during malting process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpot blotch (SB) caused by and powdery mildew (PM) caused by f. sp. are two important diseases of barley.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFhead blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive diseases in wheat worldwide. Breeding for FHB resistance is hampered by its complex genetic architecture, large genotype by environment interaction, and high cost of phenotype screening. Genomic selection (GS) is a powerful tool to enhance improvement of complex traits such as FHB resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe influence of ionic surfactants (cationic surfactant lauric arginate and anionic surfactant lysolecithin) on the physical properties, antifungal and mycotoxin inhibitory efficacy of Tween 80 stabilized cinnamon oil-in-water nanoemulsions was investigated. Nanoemulsion droplets of similar particle diameter (∼100 nm), but variable electrical characteristics, were formed by mixing 0.1 wt% ionic surfactant with 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe influence of homogenization conditions on selected essential oil (thyme, lemongrass, cinnamon, peppermint, and clove)-in-water nanoemulsion formation and stability was investigated. Physically stable essential oil nanoemulsions could be fabricated by a microfludizer under optimized processing conditions (10,000 psi and 2 passes). The chemical compositions of EOs was characterized using GC-MS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) can serve as a bridge for the transfer of useful genes from and tetraploid wheat () into common wheat (). The objective of this study was to evaluate 149 SHW lines and their 74 tetraploid parents for their genetic diversity, breeding values and inter-genomic interactions for resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). The genetic diversity analysis was performed based on the population structure established using 4,674 and 3,330 polymorphic SNP markers among the SHW lines and tetraploid parents, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe fine-mapped and physically anchored a dominant gene (Rbs7) conferring resistance to spot blotch caused by a new pathotype of Bipolaris sorokiniana in a genomic interval of 304 kb on barley chromosome 6H. Spot blotch, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is an economically important disease on barley in the Upper Midwest region of the USA and Prairie Provinces of Canada. A new pathotype (pathotype 7, represented by isolate ND4008) of B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF