The Recent Research Progress of the Tumor mRNA Vaccine.

Tumors have long posed a significant threat to human life and health, and the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine is seen as an attractive approach for cancer immunotherapy due to its developmental simplicity, rapid manufacture, and increased immune safety and efficiency. In this review, we have summarized details of the developmental history of mRNA vaccines, discussed the basic molecular structure and the effect on the stable and translation level of mRNA, analyzed the underlying immune efficiency and mechanisms on tumors, and assessed the current status of clinical research. We explored the treatment and application prospects of mRNA vaccines, aiming to provide perspectives on the future of mRNA tumor vaccines for ongoing clinical research.

Rapid Discriminative Identification of the Two Predominant Echinococcus Species from Canine Fecal Samples in the Tibetan Region of China by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Lateral Flow Dipstick Assay.

Echinococcosis poses a significant concern in the fields of public health and veterinary care as it can be transmitted between animals and humans. The primary endemic subtypes are cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), which result from infestation by and , respectively. A prominent epidemic of echinococcosis greatly affects the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) in China.

PLGA micro/nanoparticle vaccination elicits non-tumor antigen specific resident memory CD8 T cell protection from hepatocellular carcinoma.

Together, tumor and virus-specific tissue-resident CD8 memory T cells (TRMs) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can provide rapid frontline immune surveillance. The quantity and activity of CD8 TRMs were correlated with the relapse-free survival of patients with improved health. However, HBV-specific CD8 TRMs have a more exhausted phenotype and respond more actively under anti-PDL1 or PD1 treatment of HBVHCC patients.

RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a-LFA combined with a digital visualization instrument to detect in stray dogs and cats in Zhejiang province, China.

Unlabelled: , which causes toxoplasmosis, is prevalent in warm-blooded animals, such as cats, dogs, and humans. causes economic losses to livestock production and represents a potential risk to public health. Dogs and cats are common hosts in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis.

Application of gold immunochromatographic assay strip combined with digital evaluation for early detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in multiple species.

Background: Timely diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection is necessary to prevent and control toxoplasmosis transmission. The gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA) is a means of rapidly detecting pathogen in samples. GICA-based diagnostic methods have been developed to accurately detect pathogens with high sensitivity and specificity, and their application in T.

A novel mRNA vaccine, TGGT1_278620 mRNA-LNP, prolongs the survival time in BALB/c mice with acute toxoplasmosis.

, an obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasite, can infect about one-third of the world's population. One vaccine, Toxovax, has been developed and licensed commercially; however, it is only used in the sheep industry to reduce the losses caused by congenital toxoplasmosis. Various other vaccine approaches have been explored, including excretory secretion antigen vaccines, subunit vaccines, epitope vaccines, and DNA vaccines.

Establishment and application of an iELISA detection method for measuring apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) antibodies of Toxoplasma gondii in cats.

Background: Diseases caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) have introduced serious threats to public health. There is an urgent need to develop a rapid detection method for T.

Mining host candidate regulators of schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis in response to artesunate therapy through transcriptomics approach.

Background: Artesunate (ART) has been reported to have an antifibrotic effect in various organs. The underlying mechanism has not been systematically elucidated. We aimed to clarify the effect of ART on liver fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum (S.

A live attenuated RHΔompdcΔuprt mutant of Toxoplasma gondii induces strong protective immunity against toxoplasmosis in mice and cats.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite and is responsible for zoonotic toxoplasmosis. It is essential to develop an effective anti-T. gondii vaccine for the control of toxoplasmosis, and this study is to explore the immunoprotective effects of a live attenuated vaccine in mice and cats.

Immunization with a novel mRNA vaccine, TGGT1_216200 mRNA-LNP, prolongs survival time in BALB/c mice against acute toxoplasmosis.

, a specialized intracellular parasite, causes a widespread zoonotic disease and is a severe threat to social and economic development. There is a lack of effective drugs and vaccines against infection. Recently, mRNA vaccines have been rapidly developed, and their packaging materials and technologies are well established.

Toxoplasmosis vaccines: what we have and where to go?

Despite recent major advances in developing effective vaccines against toxoplasmosis, finding new protective vaccination strategies remains a challenging and elusive goal as it is critical to prevent the disease. Over the past few years, various experimental approaches have shown that developing an effective vaccine against T. gondii is achievable.

Development of gold Immunochromatographic assay strip based on specific polyclonal antibodies against capsid protein for rapid detection of porcine circovirus 2 in Zhejiang province, China.

Background: The existing detection methods for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) specific antibodies in serum cannot determine the infection status, thus it is necessary to establish a method for detecting PCV2 antigen. The capsid protein (CAP) of PCV2, as a major structural protein that plays a significant role in viral replication and in inducing host's immune response, is an ideal target antigen to monitor PCV2 infection. Therefore, a gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA) for rapid detection of PCV2 antigen based on the polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) against PCV2-CAP will be developed.

Anti-Tumor Effect of Parasitic Protozoans.

The immune system may aberrantly silence when against "altered self", which consequently may develop into malignancies. With the development of tumor immunology and molecular biology, the deepened understanding of the relationship between parasites and tumors shifts the attitude towards parasitic pathogens from elimination to utilization. In recent years, the antitumor impact implemented by protozoan parasites and the derived products has been confirmed.

infection induces cell apoptosis via multiple pathways revealed by transcriptome analysis.

is a worldwide parasite that can infect almost all kinds of mammals and cause fatal toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients. Apoptosis is one of the principal strategies of host cells to clear pathogens and maintain organismal homeostasis, but the mechanism of cell apoptosis induced by remains obscure. To explore the apoptosis influenced by , Vero cells infected or uninfected with the parasite were subjected to apoptosis detection and subsequent dual RNA sequencing (RNA-seq).

Preparation of highly specific monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and the preliminary development of antigen detection test strips.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is outbreaking all over the world. To help fight this disease, it is necessary to establish an effective and rapid detection method. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is involved in viral replication, assembly, and immune regulation and plays an important role in the viral life cycle.

A novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification-lateral-flow-dipstick (LAMP-LFD) device for rapid detection of Toxoplasma gondii in the blood of stray cats and dogs.

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis and threatens warm-blooded animal and human health worldwide. Simple and applicable diagnostic methods are urgently needed to guide development of effective approaches for prevention of toxoplasmosis. Most molecular diagnostic tools for T.

Predictive Analysis of the Neutralization Activity in Convalescent Plasmas From COVID-19 Recovered Patients in Zhejiang Province, China, January-March, 2020.

Background: Convalescent plasma (CP) transfusion is considered to be the priority therapeutic option for COVID-19 inpatients when no specific drugs are available for emerging infections. An alternative, simple, and sensitive method is urgently needed for clinical use to detect neutralization activity of the CP to avoid the use of inconvenient micro-neutralization assay.

Method: This study aims to explore optimal index in predicting the COVID-19 CP neutralization activity (neutralizing antibody titers, NAb titers) in an indirect ELISA format.

Early Detection of Trichinella spiralis DNA in Rat Feces Based on Tracing Phosphate Ions Generated During Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification.

Early diagnosis of trichinellosis is still difficult because of the lack of specific symptoms and limited window for serological detection. Here we established an assay based on tracing phosphate ions generated during loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to detect Trichinella spiralis DNA in rat feces during its early stage of infection. By targeting a 1.

A Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase II (CPSII) Deletion Mutant of Induces Partial Protective Immunity in Mice.

is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. primarily infection in pregnant women may result in fetal abortion, and infection in immunosuppressed population may result in toxoplasmosis. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II (CPSII) is a key enzyme in the pyrimidine-biosynthesis pathway, and has a crucial role in parasite replication.

DNA detection of Paragonimus westermani: Diagnostic validity of a new assay based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with a lateral flow dipstick.

Paragonimus westermani (P. westermani) is widely spread in Asian countries and is one of the most important causative agents for lung fluke diseases. The prevention and control of Paragonimiaisis mainly depends on the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

The Virulence-Related MYR1 Protein of as a Novel DNA Vaccine Against Toxoplasmosis in Mice.

causes serious public health problems, but there is no effective treatment strategy against it currently. DNA vaccines have shown promising findings in this regard. MYR1 is a new virulence factor identified in that may have potential as a DNA vaccine candidate.

GRA24-Based DNA Vaccine Prolongs Survival in Mice Challenged With a Virulent Strain.

causes infections in a wide range of intermediate hosts and remains a threatening disease worldwide because of the lack of effective drugs and vaccines. Dense granule protein 24 (GRA24) is a novel essential virulence factor that is transferred into the nucleus of host cells from the parasitophorous vacuole to regulate gene expression. In the present study, bioinformatic analysis showed that GRA24 had a high score for B-cell and T-cell epitopes compared with surface antigen 1 (SAG1), which has been studied as a promising vaccine candidate.

AKT2 phosphorylation of hexokinase 2 at T473 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in colon cancer cells via NF-κB, HIF1α, MMP2, and MMP9 upregulation.

It has been well-established that AKT2 plays an important role in the development and progression of colon cancer; however, its precise function remains unclear. In the present study, we found that AKT2 can interact with and phosphorylate hexokinase 2 (HK2), the rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis. Moreover, threonine phosphorylation dramatically increases its catalytic activity and enhances glycolysis.