Levels and patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults with and without visual impairment.

Background: Limited data are available on objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among adults with and without visual impairment (VI).

Objective: To compare PA and SB levels and patterns in adults with and without VI and to examine how these differ based on sex and day of the week.

Methods: Thirty-two participants with VI and 32 participants without VI participated in this cross-sectional study.

MicroRNA-146a regulates the production of cytokines in lymphocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) on the production of cytokines in lymphocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Methods: Lymphocytes were harvested from mouse spleen and cultured . The cells were treated with LPS, miR-146a mimic, or miR-146a inhibitor.

The interaction between serum amyloid A and Toll-like receptor 2 pathway regulates inflammatory cytokine secretion in human gingival fibroblasts.

Background: Serum amyloid A (SAA) has been identified to trigger inflammation response, and play a crucial role in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the regulatory mechanism of SAA still remains unclear during the development of periodontitis METHODS: SAA mRNA and protein expression were detected in healthy and inflammatory gingival tissues using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Human recombinant SAA (Apo-SAA), Pam3CSK4 (a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand), siRNA-SAA, or TLR2 neutralizing antibody was applied to treat human gingival fibroblasts, respectively, or combined.

MicroRNA-126 Regulates Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Human Gingival Fibroblasts Under High Glucose via Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Associated Factor 6.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRs) play a crucial role in inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. Meanwhile, miRs act as biomarkers for predicting diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the regulatory mechanism of miR-126 on development of periodontitis in patients with DM still remains unclear.

Sex Hormones Enhance Gingival Inflammation without Affecting IL-1β and TNF-α in Periodontally Healthy Women during Pregnancy.

Hormones (progesterone and estradiol) change greatly during pregnancy; however, the mechanism of hormonal changes on gingival inflammation is still unclear. This study is to evaluate the effects of hormonal changes during pregnancy on gingival inflammation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). 30 periodontally healthy pregnant women were evaluated in the first, second, and third trimesters.

The negative feedback regulation of microRNA-146a in human periodontal ligament cells after Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide stimulation.

Objective: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) pathway has been demonstrated to play an important role in periodontitis. However, the regulatory mechanism of microRNAs (miRNAs) on TLRs pathway is still unclear. Hence, this study is to explore the function of miRNA-146a in inflammatory reaction induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs).

Relationship between gingival inflammation and pregnancy.

An increase in the prevalence and severity of gingival inflammation during pregnancy has been reported since the 1960s. Though the etiology is not fully known, it is believed that increasing plasma sex steroid hormone levels during pregnancy have a dramatic effect on the periodontium. Current works of research have shown that estrogen and progesterone increasing during pregnancy are supposed to be responsible for gingivitis progression.

miRNA-146 negatively regulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines via NF-κB signalling in human gingival fibroblasts.

Objective: In human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), TLR4 recognises Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as LPS, and subsequently activates downstream signals that lead to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of LPS-induced miRNA-146 regulation of TLR4 signals in HGFs.

Materials And Methods: HGFs were treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.

MicroRNA-146 inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion through IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 in human gingival fibroblasts.

Background: Although various microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate immune and inflammatory responses, the function of miRNAs in periodontitis has not been clearly illuminated. In this study, we measured miRNA-146 (miRNA-146a and miRNA-146b-5p) expression and explored its regulatory function in the inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).

Methods: miRNA-146a and miRNA-146b-5p expression was measured by performing real-time polymerase chain reaction in HGFs after Porphyromonas gingivalis (p.

High glucose induces inflammatory cytokine through protein kinase C-induced toll-like receptor 2 pathway in gingival fibroblasts.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in innate immune response and inflammation, especially in periodontitis. Meanwhile, hyperglycemia can induce inflammation in diabetes complications. However, the activity of TLRs in periodontitis complicated with hyperglycemia is still unclear.

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell activity is required for neuroprotection in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Purpose: In our previous study, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) played a neuroprotective role in retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. However, the mechanism of NF-κB neuroprotection is still unclear. We hypothesize that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is expressed and NF-κB activity induced by p38 MAPK plays a neuroprotective role through antiapoptotic genes (B-cell lymphoma [Bcl]-2 and Bcl-XL) in retinal cells in retinal I/R injury.

Comparison of microRNA profiles of human periodontal diseased and healthy gingival tissues.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to play an important role in regulation of the immunoinflammatory response; however, the function of miRNAs in periodontal inflammation has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to explore the properties of miRNAs in periodontal inflammation by comparing miRNA profiles of inflamed and healthy gingival tissues. Gingival tissues were obtained from 10 periodontitis patients and 10 healthy subjects.

Msx2 alters the timing of retinal ganglion cells fate commitment and differentiation.

Timing of cell fate commitment determines distinct retinal cell types, which is believed to be controlled by a tightly coordinated regulatory program of proliferation, cell cycle exit and differentiation. Although homeobox protein Msx2 could induce apoptosis of optic vesicle, it is unclear whether Msx2 regulates differentiation and cell fate commitment of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). In this study, we show that overexpression of Msx2 transiently suppressed the expression of Cyclin D1 and blocked cell proliferation.

[Nifedipine regulated expression of bcl-2 in human gingival epithelial cells in vitro].

Purpose: To investigate the effect of nifedipine(NIF) on transcription of bcl-2 in human gingival epithelial cells(HGECs) in vitro and to study the pathogenesis of epithelial thickening in drug-induced gingival overgrowth(DGO).

Methods: The gingival tissues obtained from periodontal surgeries were digested with enzyme and HGECs were cultured in vitro; HGECs were identified by immunohistochemistry; bcl-2 mRNA levels were quantitated by Real-time PCR 24 hours and 48 hours after cells stimulated by NIF with different concentration (0microg/ml, 1microg/ml,2microg/ml,3microg/ml), in which 0microg/ml NIF as blank control. The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS 11.

[Amelogenin expression in cultured human dental pulp and periodontium related cells].

Purpose: To investigate gene expression of amelogenin (Am) in human gingival epithelial cells(HGEC) and also other oral ectomesenchyme cells (human gingival fibroblasts, human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and human pulp cells).

Methods: The amelogenin mRNA expression patterns were determined by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and the protein expression was studied with Western blotting.

Results: There was no amelogenin expression detected in any of the cells.