PLGA micro/nanoparticle vaccination elicits non-tumor antigen specific resident memory CD8 T cell protection from hepatocellular carcinoma.

Together, tumor and virus-specific tissue-resident CD8 memory T cells (TRMs) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can provide rapid frontline immune surveillance. The quantity and activity of CD8 TRMs were correlated with the relapse-free survival of patients with improved health. However, HBV-specific CD8 TRMs have a more exhausted phenotype and respond more actively under anti-PDL1 or PD1 treatment of HBVHCC patients.

Genome-wide miRNAs expression profiles of Schistosoma japonicum schistosomula in response to artesunate.

Aim: miRNAs play a significant role in pharmacogenomics and are likely to be important in the molecular mechanism of atesunate (ART) effects on Schistosoma japonicum.

Methods: We sequenced the RNAs using an Illumina (Solexa) DNA sequencer and compared the relative expression levels of the miRNAs in 10-day-old schistosomula from ART and the parallel control group.

Results: We characterized 95 known miRNAs from S.

[Application of Nano Carbon-based Immunosensor in Pathogen Detection].

The biosensors exhibit many advantages such as simple operation, rapid reaction and high sensitivity in pathogen detection. The sensitivity and specificity of the biosensors can be significantly enhanced by the combined use of carbon nano-materials (such as carbon nanotubes and graphene) and bio-sensing devices. This paper reviews the characteristics of carbon nano-biosensors, its applications in pathogen detection and new development.

Quantitative proteomic analyses of Schistosoma japonicum in response to artesunate.

Artesunate (ART) has high prophylactic efficacy against Schistosoma japonicum infections and has been used to treat and prevent schistosomiasis in China since 1995. However, the molecular mechanism of ART's effects on S. japonicum remains unclear.

A new surveillance and response tool: risk map of infected Oncomelania hupensis detected by Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) from pooled samples.

Although schistosomiasis remains a serious health problem worldwide, significant achievements in schistosomiasis control has been made in the People's Republic of China. The disease has been eliminated in five out of 12 endemic provinces, and the prevalence in remaining endemic areas is very low and is heading toward elimination. A rapid and sensitive method for monitoring the distribution of infected Oncomelania hupensis is urgently required.

[Immune evasion molecules of Toxoplasma gondii].

Toxoplasma gondii can live in the host for a long time relying on effective immune escape mechanisms and cause a chronic infection. Different antigenic molecules in the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, rhoptry and cytoplasm play an important role in evading the host's immune response. They can effectively help avoid the host immune response by inhibiting excessive inflammatory response and production of nitric oxide, affecting gene expression of some cytokines, depleting the specific immune substances, reducing the function of immune cells and so on.

Effect of Mirazid in Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice: parasitological and pathological assessment.

Conflicting reports are found in the literature about the antischistosomal efficacy of Mirazid (MZ), which is a special formulation of myrrh obtained from the stem of the plant Commiphora molmol. This initiated the present study to assess this drug for the first time in experimental schistosomiasis japonicum. Mice were divided into four groups: infected untreated control (I); infected treated with MZ, 500 mg/kg (II); infected treated with MZ, 250 mg/kg (III); and infected treated with praziquantel (PZQ), 200 mg/kg (IV).

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): early detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice.

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a widespread zoonotic parasitic disease that occurs in both animals and humans. Traditional molecular assays are often difficult to perform, especially for the early diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infections. Here, we established a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting the 529 bp repeat element (529 bp-LAMP) to detect T.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification: rapid detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in Pomacea canaliculata.

Background: Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a zoonotic parasite that causes eosinophilic meningitis in humans. The most common source of infection with A. cantonensis is the consumption of raw or undercooked mollusks (e.

Development of a rapid dipstick with latex immunochromatographic assay (DLIA) for diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica.

Background: Schistosomiasis japonica (schistosomiasis) is a zoonosis that can seriously affect human health. At present, the immunodiagnostic assays for schistosomiasis detection are time-consuming and require well-trained personnel and special instruments, which can limit their use in the field. Thus, there is a pressing need for a simple and rapid immunoassay to screen patients on a large scale.

Protective effect of DNA-mediated immunization with liposome-encapsulated GRA4 against infection of Toxoplasma gondii.

The dense granule protein 4 (GRA4) is a granular protein from Toxoplasma gondii, and is a candidate for vaccination against this parasite. In this study, the plasmid pcDNA3.1-GRA4 (pGRA4), encoding for the GRA4 antigen, was incorporated by the dehydration-rehydration method into liposomes composed of 16 mmol/L egg phosphatidylcholine (PC), 8 mmol/L dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), and 4 mmol/L 1,2-diodeoyl-3-(trimethylammonium) propane (DOTAP).

[Observation on the change of anti-S. japonicum antibody level in population migrated from outside embankment to new town].

Objective: To detect the change of the anti-S. japonicum antibody level after people migrated from outside embankment to newly established town.

Methods: Three pilot spots were established for the investigation: one spot that both inhabitancy and cultivation disuse (A), one spot that only inhabitancy disuse but farming continued (B) and the third one served as control (C).

Evaluation on the applied value of the dot immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) for rapid detection of anti-Schistosoma japonicum antibody.

The dot immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) is a rapid technique for the detection of anti-Schistosoma japonicum antibody. Its sensitivity with regard to sera obtained from patients with acute or chronic schistosomiasis was shown to be 100 and 96.9%, respectively.

[Prophylactic effect of artesunate against experimental infection of Schistosoma mansoni].

Objective: To study the prophylactic effect of artesunate against the infection of Schistosoma mansoni in mice and its optimal scheme for preventing schistosomiasis mansoni.

Methods: BALB/c mice were infected by tail dipping method with S. mansoni cercariae.