Research status and prospect of ratoon rice in China under mechanically harvested condition.

The proportion and area of ratoon rice planting in China have been substantially increased, due to continuous improvement of rice breeding methods and consecutive innovation of cultivation technology, which has developed into one of rice planting modes with significant production efficiency. Combining the experience in research and practice, from the perspective of crop physiology and ecology, we reviewed the current situation and prospects of high-yielding formation and physiological mechanisms of ratoon rice. We focused on four key aspects: screening and breeding of ratoon rice cultivars and the classification; suitable stubble height for mechanically harvested ratoon rice, as well as water and fertilizer management; dry matter production and allocation in ratoon rice and the relationship with yield formation; regenerative activity and vigor of ratoon rice roots and their relationship with rhizosphere micro-ecological characteristics.

Nitrate deficiency decreased photosynthesis and oxidation-reduction processes, but increased cellular transport, lignin biosynthesis and flavonoid metabolism revealed by RNA-Seq in Oryza sativa leaves.

Rice cultivar "Weiyou916" (Oryza sativa L. ssp. Indica) were cultured with control (10 mM NO3-) and nitrate deficient solution (0 mM NO3-) for four weeks.

Association of the HNF1A polymorphisms and serum lipid traits, the risk of coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke.

Background: Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α gene (HNF1A) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with serum lipid traits in several previous genome-wide association studies. However, little is known about such associations in the Chinese populations. The present study aimed to determine the association of the HNF1A rs1169288, rs2259820, rs2464196 and rs2650000 SNPs and serum lipid traits, the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke (IS).

Association of variants in CELSR2-PSRC1-SORT1 with risk of serum lipid traits, coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke.

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic variants associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemic stroke (IS) and serum lipid traits in different ethnic groups. Some loci were found to affect the risk of CAD and IS. However, there were no data in the southern Chinese populations.

Polymorphisms in the GCKR are associated with serum lipid traits, the risk of coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke.

The present study was to determine the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the glucokinase regulator gene (GCKR) and serum lipid levels, and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke (IS). Genotypes of the GCKR rs1260326 and rs8179206 in 1736 unrelated subjects (CAD, 584; IS, 555; and healthy controls; 597) were determined by the Snapshot technology platform. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs1260326 and rs8179206 were not different among the three groups (P > 0.

Coordination and nursing care of pediatric patients undergoing double balloon enteroscopy.

Aim: To review safety, efficacy, and proper nursing care of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in pediatric patients with small intestinal disease.

Methods: Our study included 37 patients with abdominal pain, diarrhea, passage of blood in the stools, and other symptoms, who underwent DBE from December 2006 to July 2010. DBE was retrograde in 36 procedures, antegrade in six, and from both ends in five.

[Clinical trial of cellulose in treatment of functional constipation in children].

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of cellulose for the treatment of functional constipation in children.

Methods: A prospective, self-controlled, clinical trial using cellulose was conducted for 2 weeks in 34 children with functional constipation. The constipation symptoms and the characteristics of feces after the treatment were observed.

[Application of double balloon enteroscopy in pediatric patients].

Objective: Double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is already an established modality of investigation in adults though its use in children has not yet been widely practiced. This study aimed to explore the method and safety of pediatric DBE and to evaluate its clinical value and applicability in the pediatric age group.

Method: During the period from December, 2006 to October, 2009 DBE was performed on a total of 22 patients (age 4 to 16 years) at the hospital.

[cagA,vacA and iceA genotypes of Helicobacter pylori isolated from children in Shanghai].

Objective: To investigate cagA, vacA and iceA genotypes of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) isolated from children suffering from gastric and duodenal diseases in Shanghai and to explore a possible genotype-phenotype correlation.

Methods: From May 2007 to January 2008, 59 children were confirmed with Hp infection by gastroscopy.

[Forlax in the treatment of childhood constipation: a randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical study].

Objective: To determine the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of polyethylene glycol 4000 (forlax) in the treatment of constipation in children over 8 years old.

Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, positive medicine (lactulose) controlled multicenter trial. A total of 216 children with constipation from 8-18 years old from 7 hospitals across China who were matched with a uniform entry criteria were enrolled in this study.

[Expression of Toll-like receptors in mononuclear cells from children with acute rotavirus diarrhea].

Objective: Rotavirus is the single most common cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in young children worldwide, but the pathogenesis and immunity against this disease are not completely understood. A prospective study was conducted to assess gene expression of toll-like receptors (TLR) in children with acute rotavirus diarrhea.

Methods: Seventy-five children with acute rotavirus diarrhea and 38 control children were enrolled in this study from Sep.

Effect of the anti-oxidant probucol on soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

Introduction: Thrombomodulin is an integral endothelial cell membrane protein, exists not only on the surface of endothelial cells but also as soluble fragments circulating in plasma. Probucol has anti-oxidant properties as well as cholesterol-lowering effects and may affect soluble thrombomodulin (sTM).

Methods: Sixteen rabbits fed with high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: (1) high-cholesterol group (n=8): maintained high-cholesterol diet; (2) probucol group (n=8): the same diet plus probucol for 6 weeks.

Effect of probucol on HDL metabolism and class B type I scavenger receptor (SR-BI) expression in the liver of hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

Background: Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is a major receptor for high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the liver. Overexpression of SR-BI attenuated experimental atherosclerosis in murine models, concomitant with a reduction in plasma HDL-cholesterol levels. Probucol is known to be a potent hypolipidemic drug to regress xanthoma formation and carotid atherosclerosis in conjunction with a marked reduction in HDL-cholesterol levels.

[Atorvastatin reduces the expression of COX-2 mRNA in peripheral blood monocytes in patients with acute myocardial infarction and modulates the early inflammatory response].

Objective: To measure the effect of atorvastatin on COX-2 expression in monocytes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods: Forty patients with AMI (AMI group) and 18 patients with stable coronary heart disease (control group) were enrolled, and patients with AMI were randomly given routine therapy (n = 20) and routine therapy plus atorvastatin (20 mg/day, n = 20) for a week. Peripheral blood monocytes for each participant including patients with AMI were isolated and cultured for 24 hours.

Probucol up-regulates paraoxonase 1 expression in hepatocytes of hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an HDL-associated enzyme, has anti-oxidative property. Probucol, a hydrophobic antioxidant drug, inhibits progression of atherosclerosis and post-angioplasty restenosis. However, the mechanism by which probucol affects atherosclerosis is not completely understood.

Effect of atorvastatin on SR-BI expression and HDL-induced cholesterol efflux in adipocytes of hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

Background: Adipose tissue contains a large amount of cholesterol and performs a buffer function for circulating cholesterol. Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) might play a significant role in adipocytes cholesterol metabolism through mediation of cholesterol efflux. We evaluated the effect of atorvastatin on SR-BI expression and HDL-induced cholesterol efflux in adipocytes from hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

Effect of atorvastatin on tumor necrosis factor alpha serum concentration and mRNA expression of adipose in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is an inflammatory cytokine involved in atherogenesis. Adipose tissue is an important source of endogenous TNFalpha production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on TNFalpha serum concentration and mRNA expressions of subcutaneous adipose in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

[Study on defibrinogenasing enhancing the thrombolytic effect of urokinase on acute myocardial infarction].

Objective: To investigate the thrombolytic effects and the security of combined therapy of defibrinogenase (DEF) and lower dose urokinase (UK) on patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods: Forty-five patients with AMI within 6 hours from the onset were divided into two groups, the combined therapy group (UK+DEF group, n=23) and the full dose UK group (UK group, n =22). The dosage of the UK in UK+DEF group was only the half of the full dos e UK group.