Increased infiltration of M2-polarized tumour-associated macrophages is highly associated with advanced disease stage and high expression of PD-L1 in buccal mucosa carcinoma.

Objective: To assess the infiltration characteristics of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in buccal mucosa carcinoma (BMC) and the correlation of these features with clinicopathological factors.

Materials And Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TAM-related markers (CD68, CD163, CD206), CD8+ T cell markers, PD-L1, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in 46 patients with mucosal cancer after radical surgery. In addition, the correlation between TAM infiltration and clinical characteristics, PD-L1 expression, and EGFR expression was analysed.

Anti-fungal activity, mechanism studies on α-Phellandrene and Nonanal against Penicillium cyclopium.

Background: Essential oils from plants have been reported to have wide spread antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal pathogens, and these include α-Phellandrene, Nonanal and other volatile substances. However, biological activities of α-Phellandrene and Nonanal have been reported only in a few publications. Further investigations are necessary to determine the antimicrobial activity of these compounds, especially for individual application, to establish the possible mechanism of action of the most active compound.

Anesthesia with sevoflurane and remifentanil under spontaneous respiration assisted with high-frequency jet ventilation for tracheobronchial foreign body removal in 586 children.

Background: Foreign body aspiration is a common life-threatening event in young children. Tracheobronchial foreign body removal is usually performed by rigid tracheobronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Anesthetic and ventilation techniques vary greatly among anesthesiologists and institutions.

[Effects of different anesthesia and analgesia on erythrocyte immune function of patients with ovarian benign tumor treated by laparoscopic therapeutic].

Aim: To investigate the effects of different anesthesia and analgesia on erythrocyte immune function of patients with ovarian benign tumor treated by laparoscopic therapeutic.

Methods: 120 patients with ovarian benign tumor treated by laparoscopic therapeutic were randomly divided into two groups with 60 cases each.In group A, patients received general anesthesia eombined with thoracic epidural anesthesia during surgery, patients in group B received general anesthesia.

[Neuroprotective effect of preconditioning with cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55, 212 - 2 on focal cerebral ischemia: experiment with rats].

Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of preconditioning with cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonist WIN 55, 212 - 2 on focal cerebral ischemia.

Methods: Fifty male SD rats were randomly assigned to 5 equal groups: control group undergoing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h only without any preconditioning; 3 WIN 55, 212 - 2 preconditioning groups (WIN1-3) injected intraperitoneally with WIN 55, 212 - 2 at the doses of 0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg respectively 24 h before MCAO for 2 h, and DMSO group injected intraperitoneally with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), solvent of WIN 55, 212 - 2 24 h before MCAO for 2 h.

Therapeutic time window and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine on transient focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic time window and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine on transient focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was conducted in male Sprague-Dawley rats and 20mg/kg tetramethylpyrazine was injected intraperitoneally at different time points. Neurological deficit scores and brain infarction volumes were measured 72 h after reperfusion started.

[Relationship between cardiomyocyte protein synthesis and cell viability].

Objective: To observe the relationship between protein sythesis and cardiomyocyte viability in neonatal rats.

Methods: The protein sythesis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was measured according to Brandford's method, the absorbance at 490 nm (A(490 nm)) of the cells was measured with MTT assay and the cell viability evaluated by the ratio of A(490 nm) to the total cell number.

Results: ET-1 increased cardiomyocyte protein synthesis dose-dependently, and this effect was attenuated by the application of lacidipine and tetramethylpyrazines Higher doses of ET-1 resulted in lower A(490 nm)/total cell number ratio, which was further lowered by larcidipine and tetramethylpyrazine.

[Protective effect of remote ischemic preconditioning against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats].

Objective: To explore the effects of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Methods: Seventy male SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n=10 for each): (1) CONTROL GROUP: animals were subjected to I/R. (2)RIPC groups: RIPC was performed by 3 cycles of occlusion/reperfusion of bilateral femoral arteries for 5 minutes/5 minutes.

Effect of dopamine and metaraminol on the renal function of patients with septic shock.

Background: Vasoactive drugs are often necessary for reversing hypotension in patients with severe infection. The standard for evaluating effects of vasoactive drugs should not only be based on the increase of arterial blood pressure, but also on the blood flow perfusion of internal organs. The effects of dopamine and metaraminol on the renal function of the patients with septic shock were investigated retrospectively in this study.

[A case report of simultaneous liver, pancreas-duodenum, and kidney transplantation in a patient with post-hepatitic cirrhosis combined with uremia and insulin-dependent diabetes related to chronic pancreatitis].

Objective: To study the effect of triple organ transplantation (liver, kidney, and pancreas) in patient of end-stage liver disease with renal failure and diabetes, and to explore the optimal surgical procedure.

Methods: Simultaneous piggyback orthotopic heterotopic liver, pancreas-duodenum, and kidney transplantation was performed on a 43-year-old male patient with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and insulin-dependent diabetes related to chronic pancreatitis (CP) who developed hepatic and renal failure. The pancreatic exocrine secretions were drained enterically to the jejunum.

[Effect of dopamine combined with norepinephrine on the renal function in patients with septic shock].

Objective: To investigate the effects of dopamine and norepinephrine on the renal function in the patients with septic shock.

Methods: Eighty-seven patients with septic shock were divided into three groups (group A, B, C) according to the biggest infusing rate of norepinephrine, with the infusing rate of 0.5 - 0.

Neuroprotective effect of sodium ferulate on transient focal cerebral ischemia by weakening activation of postsynaptic density-95 in rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of sodium ferulate (SF), an intravenous drug made from traditional Chinese herbs, on activation of postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) and neuroprotection after transient cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

Methods: Forty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 2 groups (n=23 in each group): the control group and the SF group. After anesthesia, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was conducted with the intraluminal filament technique.

[Experimental study of evaluation on neuroprotective effect for tetramethylpyrazine against focal cerebral ischemic injury with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging].

Objective: To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) against focal cerebral ischemic injury in rats with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI).

Methods: Rat models of focal cerebral ischemic injury were established in 16 male SD rats. They were randomly divided into the TMP group and the control group, eight in each group, and pretreated with TMP and normal saline respectively before modeling.

[Effect of sodium ferulate on activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats].

Objective: To study the activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats and the effect of sodium ferulate (SF) on it.

Methods: Forty-five male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, the sham-operated group, the control group and the SF group. The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established by thread ligation method, and in the ischemic phase, to rats in the sham-operated and the control group 4 ml of normal saline was intraperitoneally injected, and to rats in the SF group, 100 mg/kg of SF dissolved in 4 ml of normal saline was injected.