Exogenous extracellular polymeric substances as protective agents for the preservation of anammox granules.

The preservation of anammox granules is of great significance for the rapid start-up of the anammox process and improvement of performance stability. Therefore, it is necessary to explore an economical and stable preservation strategy. Exogenous extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were used as protective agents for the preservation of anammox granules in this study.

Olmesartan inhibits the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and improves vascular remodeling after vascular injury in mouse.

Objective: To investigate the neointima formation and the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in cuff-induced vascular injury in mouse model, and to examine the effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) blocker, olmesartan, on MCP-1 and TNF-alpha expression and consequently vascular remodeling.

Methods: Vascular injury was induced by polyethylene cuff-placement around the mouse femoral artery. Some mice were treated with AT1 receptor blocker, olmesartan, at the dose of 3 mg.