Normal lung attenuation distribution and lung volume on computed tomography in a Chinese population.

Although lung attenuation distribution and lung volume on computed tomography (CT) have been widely used in evaluating COPD and interstitial lung disease, there are only a few studies regarding the normal range of these indices, especially in Chinese subjects. We aimed to describe the normal range of lung attenuation distribution and lung volume based on CT. Subjects with normal lung function and basically normal chest CT findings (derivation group) at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai (from January 2010 to June 2014) were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Emphysema extent on computed tomography is a highly specific index in diagnosing persistent airflow limitation: a real-world study in China.

Objective: The diagnostic value of emphysema extent in consistent air flow limitation remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to assess the value of emphysema extent on computed tomography (CT) on the diagnosis of persistent airflow limitation. Furthermore, we developed a diagnostic criterion for further verification.

Formoterol as reliever medication in asthma: a post-hoc analysis of the subgroup of the RELIEF study in East Asia.

Background: As-needed formoterol can effectively relieve asthma symptoms. Since budesonide/formoterol is available as maintenance and reliever therapy in Asia, formoterol is now being used as-needed, but always with concomitant inhaled corticosteroids. The objective of this analysis was to assess the safety and efficacy of formoterol therapy in patients in East Asia (China, Indonesia, Korea, the Philippines and Singapore) with asthma.

Pulmonary function parameters in high-resolution computed tomography phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Heterogeneity of clinical presentation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) attributes to different pathological basis. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) phenotypes of COPD may reflex the pathological basis of COPD indirectly by evaluating the small airway inflammation and emphysema. How the pulmonary function related with different HRCT phenotypes has not been well known.

Expert consensus on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the People's Republic of China.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease that severely threatens human health. Acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is a major cause of disease progression and death, and causes huge medical expenditures. This consensus statement represents a description of clinical features of AECOPD in the People's Republic of China and a set of recommendations.

Hypoxia promotes epithelial--mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inducing GLIPR-2 expression.

Glioma pathogenesis related-2 (GLIPR-2) belongs to pathogenesis related-1 (PR-1) family whose function remains unknown. In our previous studies, GLIPR-2 was found to be a novel potent stimulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal fibrosis which has been classified as type 2 EMT. However, whether GLIPR-2 could induce type 3 EMT in carcinogenesis needs further investigation.

[The prevalence and risk factors of bronchiectasis in residents aged 40 years old and above in seven cities in China].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of bronchiectasis in urban city of China.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 17 urban areas in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing cities, and Guangdong, Liaoning, Shanxi provinces. In this study, urban population-based cluster samples were randomly selected from each city/province.

Expression of hPOT1 in HeLa cells and the probability of gene variation of hpot1 Exon14 in endometrial cancer are much higher than in other cancers.

To investigate the expression of hPOT1 in the HeLa cell line and screen point mutations of hpot1 in different tumor tissues a two step osmotic method was used to extract nuclear proteins. EMSA was performed to determine the expression of hPOT1 in the HeLa cell line. PCR was also employed to amplify the exon14 sequence of the hpot1 gene in various of cancer tissues.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test score correlated with dyspnea score in a large sample of Chinese patients.

Background: The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT) is an easy to use health-related quality of life questionnaire, the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale is a classic dyspnea scale which is widely used, while the correlation between them is still not clear. This study investigated the use of the Chinese translation of CAT in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and its correlation with the mMRC dyspnea scale.

Methods: The multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 329 hospitals throughout China from March 1 to April 30, 2010.

High prevalence of multidrug-resistant nonfermenters in hospital-acquired pneumonia in Asia.

Rationale: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remain important causes of morbidity and mortality. Increasing antimicrobial resistance has aroused the concern of the failure of antibiotic treatment.

Objectives: To determine the distribution of the bacterial isolates of HAP and VAP, their antimicrobial resistance patterns, and impact of discordant antibiotic therapy on clinical outcome in Asian countries

Methods: A prospective surveillance study was conducted in 73 hospitals in 10 Asian countries from 2008-2009.

Spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between the community and the hospitals in Asian countries: an ANSORP study.

Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is highly prevalent in hospitals in many Asian countries. Recent emergence of community-associated (CA) MRSA worldwide has added another serious concern to the epidemiology of S. aureus infections.

Asymptomatic patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a variable natural history and not all individuals follow the same course. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic COPD patients from a population-based survey in China.

Methods: A multistage cluster sampling strategy was used in a population from seven different provinces/cities.

Clinical impact of methicillin resistance on outcome of patients with Staphylococcus aureus infection: a stratified analysis according to underlying diseases and sites of infection in a large prospective cohort.

Objective: This study was conducted to identify the predictors of mortality and to evaluate the impact of methicillin resistance on outcome in patients with Staphylococcus aureus infection according to underlying conditions and type of infection.

Methods: An observational cohort study including 4949 patients with S. aureus infection was conducted.

Diagnostic accuracy of a questionnaire and simple home monitoring device in detecting obstructive sleep apnoea in a Chinese population at high cardiovascular risk.

Background And Objective: OSA is a common condition associated with cardiovascular (CV) morbidity. It remains underdiagnosed globally in part due to the limited availability and technical requirements of polysomnography (PSG). The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of two simple methods for diagnosing OSA.

Relationship of daytime blood pressure and severity of obstructive sleep apnea among Chinese: a multi-center investigation in China.

Background: Epidemiologic studies have shown an independent and definite association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension. This study aimed to define the association between daytime blood pressure and severity of OSA in Chinese population in mainland of China.

Methods: Twenty university hospital sleep centers in mainland of China were invited by the Chinese Medical Association (CMA) to participate in this epidemiologic study and 2297 consecutive patients (aged 18 - 85 years; 1981 males and 316 females) referred to these twenty sleep centers for evaluation of OSA between January 2004 and April 2006 were prospectively enrolled.

Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Notch1 in lung.

Background: The immunologic response to allergens mediated by T lymphocytes is an incipient key element in the pathogenesis of asthma, and Th1/Th2 balance is regarded as the core of asthma pathogenesis. Notch is a single-pass transmembrane receptor protein that regulates differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis in a broad range of cells. It is considered that the Notch signal pathway works in every stage of T cell development and differentiation.

[Current status of prevention and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural area in China].

Objective: To investigate the current status of prevalence, prevention and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rural area in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of COPD was conducted in Beijing city, Shanghai city, Guangdong province, Liaoning province, Tianjin city, Chongqing province and Shanxi province. A population-based cluster sample was randomly selected from each rural area.

[The quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and correlated factors].

Objective: To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and correlated factors.

Methods: Data of 20 245 patients with COPD were collected from the cross-sectional survey of COPD, which was conducted between 2002 and 2004 in urban and rural areas of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Liaoning, Tianjin, Chongqing and Shanxi for residents aged over 40 years old. The recruited populations were interviewed with questionnaire and tested for spirometry.

BMI is an independent risk factor for snoring in Chinese women aged over 30 years.

Objective: The study was designed to analyze body mass index (BMI) as one of risk factors for snoring in Chinese women.

Materials And Methods: Totally, 2,938 women (2,423 available for evaluation of menstrual status) aged over 30 years from a population-based epidemiologic study were enrolled.

Results And Discussions: For those with regular menstrual status, BMI was the main risk factor with OR 3.

[Expression of toll-like receptor 4 in human alveolar epithelial cells and its role in cellular inflammation].

Objective: To investigate if type II alveolar epithelial cells express Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and to investigate the role of TLR4 in airway inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).

Methods: A549, the line of human type II alveolar epithelial cells were cultured and divided into 3 groups: normal control group, E1A(+) group transfected with adenovirus E1A plasmid, E1A(-) group transferred with blank plasmid without adenovirus E1A. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the concentrations of 0, 0.

Effect of carbocisteine on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PEACE Study): a randomised placebo-controlled study.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by airflow limitation, and has many components including mucus hypersecretion, oxidative stress, and airway inflammation. We aimed to assess whether carbocisteine, a mucolytic agent with anti-inflammatory and antioxidation activities, could reduce the yearly exacerbation rate in patients with COPD.

Methods: We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 709 patients from 22 centres in China.

Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia in adult patients in Asian countries: a prospective study by the Asian network for surveillance of resistant pathogens.

Appropriate antimicrobial treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) should be based on the distribution of aetiological pathogens, antimicrobial resistance of major pathogens, clinical characteristics and outcomes. We performed a prospective observational study of 955 cases of adult CAP in 14 hospitals in eight Asian countries. Microbiological evaluation to determine etiological pathogens as well as clinical evaluation was performed.