Harnessing AI for precision tonsillitis diagnosis: a revolutionary approach in endoscopic analysis.

Background: Diagnosing and treating tonsillitis pose no significant challenge for otolaryngologists; however, it can increase the infection risk for healthcare professionals amidst the coronavirus pandemic. In recent years, with the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), its application in medical imaging has also thrived. This research is to identify the optimal convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm for accurate diagnosis of tonsillitis and early precision treatment.

Targeting of FSP1 regulates iron homeostasis in drug-tolerant persister head and neck cancer cells via lipid-metabolism-driven ferroptosis.

Background: Research has demonstrated that some tumor cells can transform into drug-tolerant persisters (DTPs), which serve as a reservoir for the recurrence of the disease. The persister state in cancer cells arises due to temporary molecular reprogramming, and exploring the genetic composition and microenvironment during the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) can enhance our comprehension of the types of cell death that HNSCC, thus identifying potential targets for innovative therapies. This project investigated lipid-metabolism-driven ferroptosis and its role in drug resistance and DTP generation in HNSCC.

PAICS/DYRK3 Multienzyme Interactions as Coregulators of Purinosome Formation and Metabolism on Radioresistance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent type of oral cancer. While therapeutic innovations have made strides, radioresistance persists as a significant hindrance in OSCC treatment. Despite identifying numerous targets that could potentially suppress the oncogenic attributes of OSCC, the exploration of oncogenic protein kinases for cancer therapy remains limited.

Efficacy of levocetirizine in isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle.

Histamine receptor-1 (H) antagonists like levocetirizine are frequently used nowadays to treat rhinitis patients who experience rhinorrhea and sneezing. The trachea may be affected by the H antagonist when it is used to treat nasal symptoms, either orally or through inhalation. The purpose of this study was to ascertain in vitro effects of levocetirizine on isolated tracheal smooth muscle.

Validation of Fespixon in Postoperative Scar Cosmesis Using Quantitative Digital Photography Analysis.

Background: Unsightly scarring after surgery remains a dilemma. One of the challenges is the lack of objective scar assessment tools.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel medicine, Fespixon, for prevention and/or alleviation of post-skin incision scarring.

Characteristic cerebral perfusion pattern in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease.

Background: Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID), which pathogenesis remains largely unclear, is a neurodegenerative disease caused by GGC repeat expansion in gene. As case studies have reported dynamic cortical perfusion changes in NIID, this study aimed to explore the cerebral perfusion pattern in NIID patients.

Materials And Methods: A total of 38 NIID patients and 34 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited, and 2 NIID patients who had had episodic symptoms within 2 months were excluded.

Quantitative Measurement of Throat and Larynx After Endotracheal Intubation for Palatoplasty.

Introduction: Quantitative morphometric measurements of living human upper airway remain challenging. This study aimed to introduce a special laser projection device that can facilitate computer-assisted, digitalized analysis and provide important information on airway mucosa change, before and after endotracheal intubation for palatoplasty.

Materials And Methods: The laryngeal images were captured before and after surgery.

Quantitative Measurement of Adult Human Larynx post General Anesthesia with Intubation.

Post-anaesthetic sore throat (PAST) is a well-recognized consequence of tracheal intubation; however, quantitative morphometric measurements remain challenging. This study aimed to introduce a special laser projection device that can facilitate computer-assisted, digitalized analysis and provide important information on laryngeal mucosa change, pre and post-surgery under general anesthesia with intubation. The laryngeal images were captured and divided into the control group and the intubation group.

Semi-Supervised Deep Learning Semantic Segmentation for 3D Volumetric Computed Tomographic Scoring of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Clinical Correlations and Comparison with Lund-Mackay Scoring.

Background: The traditional Lund-Mackay score (TLMs) is unable to subgrade the volume of inflammatory disease. We aimed to propose an effective modification and calculated the volume-based modified LM score (VMLMs), which should correlate more strongly with clinical symptoms than the TLMs.

Methods: Semi-supervised learning with pseudo-labels used for self-training was adopted to train our convolutional neural networks, with the algorithm including a combination of MobileNet, SENet, and ResNet.

In Vivo Automatic and Quantitative Measurement of Adult Human Larynx and Vocal Fold Images.

Introduction: Qualitative laryngoscopy belongs to a diagnostic routine. Nevertheless, quantitative morphometric measurements of laryngeal structures remain challenging. This study aimed to introduce a special laser projection device that can facilitate computer-assisted digitalized analysis and provide important quantitative information for diagnostics and treatment planning.

Isoorientin inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal properties and cancer stem-cell-like features in oral squamous cell carcinoma by blocking Wnt/β-catenin/STAT3 axis.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is among the most prevalent cancers of the head and neck. This study revealed that isoorientin attenuates OSCC cell stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition potential through the inhibition of JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cell lines. Our findings indicated that isoorientin is a potential inhibitor of β-catenin/STAT3 in vitro and in vivo.

Quantitative laryngoscopy with computer-aided diagnostic system for laryngeal lesions.

Laryngoscopes are widely used in the clinical diagnosis of laryngeal lesions, but such diagnosis relies heavily on the physician's subjective experience. The purpose of this study was to develop a computer-aided diagnostic system for the detection of laryngeal lesions based on objective criteria. This study used the distinct features of the image contour to find the clearest image in the laryngoscopic video.

Combined Acupuncture-Hyperbaric Oxygen-Steroids Therapy for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Acupuncture, widely used in Chinese society, has been studied as an adjunct treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of combined acupuncture and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) with conventional steroid therapy for ISSNHL. This retrospective chart review enrolled 154 patients who met the ISSNHL criteria and were categorized into three groups according to the different treatment regimens.

Adipose-derived stem cell induced-tissue repair or wound healing is mediated by the concomitant upregulation of miR-21 and miR-29b expression and activation of the AKT signaling pathway.

Background: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), a subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells, are characterized by their potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Due to their abundance and relative ease of procurement, ADSCs are widely used for tissue repair and regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of ADSCs remain unknown.

Inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase as a therapeutic strategy for chemoresistant oral squamous cell carcinoma and potential suppression of cancer stemness.

Locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) requires multimodal therapy, including surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). CCRT-resistant and recurrent cancer has a poor prognosis. We investigated the effects of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) on CCRT-resistant OSCC tissues.

Quantitative Morphometric Measurements of the Oropharynx in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Using a Laser Depth Measurement Module.

Introduction: Current diagnostic routines in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), including drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE), provide qualitative data. Quantitative morphometric measurements of oropharyngeal structures remain challenging. This study aims to introduce a special linear laser projection device that can facilitate computer-assisted digitalized analysis and provide important quantitative information for OSAS prediction.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux image quantization and analysis of its severity.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a prevalent disease affecting a high proportion of patients seeking laryngology consultation. Diagnosis is made subjectively based on history, symptoms, and endoscopic assessment. The results depend on the examiner's interpretation of endoscopic images.

Disruption of Cancer Metabolic SREBP1/miR-142-5p Suppresses Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness in Esophageal Carcinoma.

Elevated activity of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) has been implicated in the tumorigenesis of different cancer types. However, the functional roles of SREBP1 in esophageal cancer are not well appreciated. Here, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of SREBP1 and associated signaling in esophageal cancer.

Pharyngeal reconstruction using a U-shaped pectoralis major myocutaneous flap: an effective technique that should not be forgotten.

Introduction: Although free tissue transfer is thought the best option for head and neck reconstruction, the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMCF) remains an important alternative method. The aim of this study was to assess the use of the PMMCF with the prevertebral fascia to close a pharyngeal defect.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study of 30 patients who underwent circumferential pharyngeal defect reconstruction with a U-shaped PMMCF from 2009 to 2018.

Risk of ocular complications following radiation therapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective: To examine the risk of ocular complications following radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods: We adopted 1:1 propensity score matching and identified an NPC cohort (n = 736) and a comparison cohort (n = 736) that comprised non-NPC head and neck cancer patients who received radiotherapy in the National Health Insurance Research Database from 1997 to 2010. The follow-up period was terminated upon developing ocular complications (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM]360-379) or on December 31, 2010.

Ovatodiolide suppresses inflammatory response in BEAS-2B cells by regulating the CREB/AQP5 pathway, and sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to radiation therapy.

Due to the radiosensitivity of the airway epithelium, radiation-induced sinusitis or bronchitis is not uncommon, and makes mitigation of resulting inflammatory airway diseases a principal goal of many investigations. This study examined whether Ovatodiolide (Ova) sensitizes the human metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) cell line, NPC-BM2, to irradiation using viability, clonogenicity and Western blot assays. Concurrently, we used varying concentrations of histamine and/or Ova to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of Ovatodiolide on normal bronchus epithelial BEAS-2B cells, as well as on the subcellular distribution of Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and expression levels of p-CREB, AQP5, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, PI3K, Akt and ERK proteins.