Visualization of Apical-Basal Stress Polarity Regulating Directed Cell Migration with a FRET-Based Biosensor.

Intracellular morphological apical-basal polarity, regulated by conserved polarity proteins, plays a crucial role in cell migration and metastasis. In this study, using a genetically encoded Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor to visually present the spatiotemporal stress state between the lipid rafts on the membrane and the linked actin, we first provide the evidence for the existence of intrinsic apical-basal stress polarity in tumor cells and demonstrate that this polarity is a prerequisite for the formation of flow-induced front-back stress polarity. Interestingly, our study revealed that the front-back stress polarity disappeared upon the disruption of intrinsic apical-basal stress discrepancy, resulting in a large attenuated cell migration activity reduced from 76.

Tailoring selenization dynamics: How heating rate manipulates nucleation and growth boosts efficiency in kesterite solar cells.

Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) has emerged as a promising photovoltaic material due to its low cost and high stability. The CZTSSe film for high-performance solar cells can be obtained by annealing the deposited CZTS precursor films with selenium (a process known as selenization). The design of the selenization process significantly affects the quality of the absorber layer.

Fluence rate-dependent kinetics of light-triggered liposomal doxorubicin assessed by quantitative fluorescence-based endoscopic probe.

Liposomal doxorubicin (Dox), a treatment option for recurrent ovarian cancer, often suffers from suboptimal biodistribution and efficacy, which might be addressed with precision drug delivery systems. Here, we introduce a catheter-based endoscopic probe designed for multispectral, quantitative monitoring of light-triggered drug release. This tool utilizes red-light photosensitive porphyrin-phospholipid (PoP), which is encapsulated in liposome bilayers to enhance targeted drug delivery.

Affinity Peptide-Based Circularly Permuted Fluorescent Protein Biosensors for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the predominant form of lung cancer and poses a significant public health challenge. Early detection is crucial for improving patient outcomes, with serum biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg), and cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1) playing a critical role in early screening and pathological classification of NSCLC. However, due to being mainly based on corresponding antibody binding reactions, existing detection technologies for these serum biomarkers have shortcomings such as complex operations, high false positive rates, and high costs.

Fluence rate-dependent kinetics of light-triggered liposomal doxorubicin assessed by quantitative fluorescence-based endoscopic probe.

Liposomal doxorubicin (Dox), a treatment option for recurrent ovarian cancer, often suffers from suboptimal biodistribution and efficacy, which might be addressed with precision drug delivery systems. Here, we introduce a catheter-based endoscopic probe designed for multispectral, quantitative monitoring of light-triggered drug release. This tool utilizes red-light photosensitive porphyrin-phospholipid (PoP), which is encapsulated in liposome bilayers to enhance targeted drug delivery.

Historical myths are believed because audiences are socially motivated.

Do people believe in historical myths because they are manipulated by coalitional recruiters, or because it is in their interests to do so? The target article gives somewhat conflicting explanations. We propose that the audiences of historical myths are socially rather than epistemically motivated - they believe and propagate historical myths as a way of signaling their coalitional commitments.

Exosome-derived miR-107 targeting caveolin-1 promotes gallstone progression by regulating the hepatobiliary cholesterol secretion pathway.

Cholesterol gallstone is a disease with high incidence and quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the function of exosome-derived miRNA in gallstone formation and its related molecular mechanism. Exosomes were extracted and isolated from patients with gallbladder stones and age- and gender-matched healthy controls, and exosomal miRNA expression was compared between the two groups.

Causal effects of circulating lipids and lipid-lowering drugs on the risk of atopic dermatitis: a mendelian randomization study.

Lipid metabolism disorders are frequently noted in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients, prompting the long-term use of lipid-lowering drugs. However, the causal effects of circulating lipids and different lipid-lowering drugs on the risk of AD are not thoroughly understood. Using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data from two different cohorts, a series of Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to explore the causal effects of genetically proxied circulating lipids and lipid-lowering drugs on the risk of AD.

Visualize PIM-1 Protein Function and Its Interaction With PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway Regulated by Its Active Sites Through FRET Biosensors.

Pro-viral Insertion site for the Moloney Murine Leukemia virus 1 (PIM-1) is widely involved in various biological processes and diseases, which is based on its structure and functional sites. However, the relationship between active sites and function of PIM-1 kinase remains unclear due to the lack of effective study approaches in live cells. Herein, to visualize the effect of different active sites in PIM-1 protein on its function activity and relation with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, three mutant probes of EPHY which was developed previously based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology to detect PIM-1 kinase activity in living cells were further constructed and transfected into cells followed by treating with PIM-1 inhibitors, ATP and PI3K inhibitor, respectively.

HSPA4 Enhances BRSV Entry via Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis Through Regulating the PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway and ATPase Activity of HSC70.

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an enveloped RNA virus that utilizes clathrin-mediated endocytosis for cell entry and is a significant pathogen in bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Heat shock protein family A member 4 (HSPA4), a member of the HSP70 family, is known to be involved in the progression of various cancers. However, its role in virus entry has not been previously explored.

Deciphering differences in microbial community characteristics and main factors between healthy and root rot-infected rhizosphere soils.

Introduction: Fusarium-induced root rot of () is a typical soil-borne disease that has severely damaged the industry in China. Understanding the interaction among soil microbial communities, soil characteristics, and pathogenic bacteria is very important for the ecological prevention and control of root rot.

Methods: We used Miseq Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology to study the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased C.

Wideband microwave frequency response measurement based on optical phase-locked loop.

Frequency response measurement, or the forward transmission coefficient (S) measurement for a two-port network, is the key function of a vector network analyzer (VNA). In this paper, a broadband and high dynamic range (DR) microwave S parameter measurement scheme based on an optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) is proposed. By heterodyning two phase-locked hybrid integrated ultra-narrow linewidth lasers, a microwave signal with low phase noise and spurious level is generated as the incident signal and reference signal, and the signal frequency can be easily manipulated over a wide range by tuning the master laser wavelength.

Photoanode/Electrolyte Interface Modification for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in CuSnS Dots-Sensitized Solar PEC Cells.

It is proven through transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis that solar sensitizer CuSnS (CTS) dots prepared via the hot-injection route are nonspherical, polyhedral nanocrystals with the size of ∼11 nm. CTS dots were deposited into a porous TiO layer to form CTS/TiO, an effective type II heterojunction in photoanodes. The electronic and energy band structures of TiO and CTS were studied by the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential method based on density functional theory (DFT) and verified by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy.

Hydrogen sulfide-generating semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for amplified radiodynamic-ferroptosis therapy of orthotopic glioblastoma.

A variety of therapeutic strategies are available to treat glioblastoma (GBM), but the tumor remains one of the deadliest due to its aggressive invasiveness, restrictive blood-brain barrier (BBB), and exceptional resistance to drugs. In this study, we present a hydrogen sulfide (HS)-generating semiconducting polymer nanoparticle (PFeD@Ang) for amplified radiodynamic-ferroptosis therapy of orthotopic glioblastoma. Our results show that in an acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), HS donors produce large amounts of HS, which inhibits mitochondrial respiration and alleviates cellular hypoxia, thus enhancing the radiodynamic effect during X-ray irradiation; meanwhile, Fe is reduced to Fe by tannic acid in an acidic TME, which promotes an iron-dependent cell death process in tumors.

ChIP-seq and structural analyses delineating the regulatory mechanism of master regulator EsrB in .

Unlabelled: As a response regulator of the EsrA-EsrB two-component system, EsrB is conserved in and plays a crucial role in virulence and pathogenicity. EsrB possesses DNA binding abilities, enabling it to regulate the transcription of virulence genes to confront different stresses and achieve systematic infections. Here, ChIP-seq analysis of EsrB in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) (mimicking environments) revealed that EsrB preferred to bind to virulence-associated promoters with a distinct 7'-4-7'' pseudopalindromic DNA motif and interact with metabolic-related promoters with a high AT DNA motif.

Eosinophil extracellular traps drive T follicular helper cell differentiation via VIRMA-dependent MAF stabilization in bullous pemphigoid.

Background: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoantibodies and a substantial influx of immune cells into skin lesions. However, the role of eosinophils in BP remains inadequately elucidated.

Objective: We sought to determine the pathologic involvement of eosinophils and eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) in BP.

Acute toxicity of binary and ternary mixtures of La, Ce and Dy on Daphnia magna: Toxicity patterns depend on the ratios of the components and the concentration gradient.

Rare earth elements (REEs) have raised significant environmental contamination concerns, yet the combined toxicity of REE mixtures remains inadequately understood. In this study, acute toxicity of individual, binary and ternary mixtures of lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), and dysprosium (Dy) on neonatal Daphnia magna was investigated. Dy exhibited the greatest toxicity on neonatal Daphnia magna, followed by La and Ce.

Non-Invasive On-Off Fluorescent Biosensor for Endothelial Cell Detection.

For rapid and convenient detection of living endothelial cells (ECs) specifically without immunostaining, we developed a biosensor based on turn-on fluorescent protein, named LV-EcpG. It includes a high-affinity peptide E12P obtained through phage display technology for specifically recognizing ECs and a turn-on EGFP fused with two linker peptides. The "on-off" switching mechanism of this genetically encoded fluorescent protein-based biosensor (FPB) ensured that fluorescence signals were activated only when binding with ECs, thus enabling these FPB characters for direct, visual, and non-invasive detection of ECs.

Identifying prothrombin and bone sialoprotein as potential drug targets for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease with scarce therapeutic alternatives, which imposes a significant economic burden on society. The identification of novel drug targets is thus critically essential. Plasma proteins with discernible causal evidence hold promise as viable drug targets for this condition.

Evaluation of a DNA vaccine with self-designed CpG sequences against J genotype IHNV infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Rainbow trout suffer from infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) outbreaks, which lead to massive mortality and huge economic loss worldwide. The approved commercial vaccine is used for the prevention of IHN in Canada. Given that Chinese domestic J-genotype isolates are different from North American IHNV isolates, the development of an effective DNA vaccine against Chinese J-genotype isolates is urgent.

Mutating a flexible region of the RSV F protein can stabilize the prefusion conformation.

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) glycoprotein is highly immunogenic in its prefusion (pre-F) conformation. However, the protein is unstable, and its conformation must be stabilized for it to function effectively as an immunogen in vaccines. We present a mutagenesis strategy to arrest the RSV F protein in its pre-F state by blocking localized changes in protein structure that accompany large-scale conformational rearrangements.

Survival prediction in sigmoid colon cancer patients with liver metastasis: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Sigmoid colon cancer is a common type of colorectal cancer, frequently leading to liver metastasis. Predicting cause-specific survival and overall survival in patients with sigmoid colon cancer metastasis to liver is challenging because of the lack of suitable models.

Methods: Patients with sigmoid colon cancer metastasis to liver (2010-2017) in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program were recruited.

IL-2Rα is a potential biomarker for heart failure diagnosis of patients with end-stage renal disease and haemodialysis.

Aims: Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing haemodialysis. Identifying novel predictors of HF is essential for improving diagnostic precision and enhancing patient outcomes.

Methods: This study included 68 participants from the Haemodialysis Centre at the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University.