Light-Activated Reactivity of Nitrones with Amino Acids and Proteins.

Controlled modifications of amino acids are an indispensable tool for advancing fundamental and translational research based on peptides and proteins. Yet, we still lack methods to chemically modify each naturally occurring amino acid sidechain. To help address this gap, we show that N,α-diaryl oxaziridines expand the scope of bioconjugation methods to chemically modify cysteine, methionine, and tryptophan residues with evidence for additional tyrosine labelling in a proteomic context.

Sintilimab combined with anlotinib and chemotherapy as second-line or later therapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a phase II clinical trial.

Treatment options for patients with relapsed extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) remain scarce. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining anlotinib and sintilimab plus chemotherapy as a second line or later therapy for ES-SCLC patients. This is a phase II clinical trial (ChiCTR2100049390) conducting at Shandong Cancer Hospital.

Adebrelimab plus chemotherapy and sequential thoracic radiotherapy as first-line therapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC): a phase II trial.

Background: This phase II prospective trial aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of adebrelimab (PD-L1 antibody) plus first-line chemotherapy followed by sequential thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) combined with adebrelimab in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Biomarkers associated with potential therapeutic effects were also explored.

Methods: Patients with previously untreated ES-SCLC were enrolled at Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute (Jinan, China).

Modifying Polyvinylidene Chloride Resin with Fluorine Monomer and Cross-Linking Monomers.

Modified polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) resin was prepared using octafluoropentyl methacrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as modifying monomers through seeded emulsion polymerization. The successful incorporation of octafluoropentyl methacrylate into the PVDC resin was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and XPS were utilized to investigate the element distribution in the modified monomer emulsion and the mechanism of monomer modification.

Targeted Protein Localization by Covalent 14-3-3 Recruitment.

14-3-3 proteins have a unique ability to bind and sequester a multitude of diverse phosphorylated signaling proteins and transcription factors. Many previous studies have shown that interactions of 14-3-3 with specific phosphorylated substrate proteins can be enhanced through small-molecule natural products or fully synthetic molecular glue interactions. However, enhancing 14-3-3 interactions with both therapeutically intractable transcription factor substrates and potential neo-substrates to sequester and inhibit their function remains elusive.

Electro-oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in a low-concentrated alkaline electrolyte by enhancing hydroxyl adsorption over a single-atom supported catalyst.

Electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a sustainable strategy to produce bio-based plastic monomer, is always conducted in a high-concentration alkaline solution (1.0 mol L KOH) for high activity. However, such high concentration of alkali poses challenges including HMF degradation and high operation costs associated with product separation.

Association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and serum uric acid to serum creatinine ratio in Chinese male gout patients.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and serum uric acid to serum creatinine (SUA/SCr) ratio in male gout patients at different BMIs. This real-world study included 956 male gout patients aged 18-83 years. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of Chinese male gout patients from 2017 to 2019.

Case Report: Perianal infection in children caused by ingested jujube pits: a report of two cases.

Background: The ingestion of jujube pits by children is a rare cause of perianal infection.This article aimed to report two cases of perianal infection in children resulting from the ingestion of jujube pits.

Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of perianal infection caused by jujube pits at our hospital.

Dynamic changes in cardiac biomarkers in radiotherapy for oesophageal cancer and their correlations with cardiac radiation dosimetry.

Background And Purpose: To investigate the dynamic changes in cardiac enzymes, high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during radiotherapy (RT) and 6 months after RT for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the middle and lower locations and to analyse the correlations between these indicators and cardiac radiation dosimetry parameters.

Methods: For 35 patients with ESCC in the middle and lower locations receiving radical concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT), intensity-modulated RT was performed at 1.8 Gy or 2.

Covalent 14-3-3 Molecular Glues and Heterobifunctional Molecules Against Nuclear Transcription Factors and Regulators.

14-3-3 proteins have the unique ability to bind and sequester a multitude of diverse phosphorylated signaling proteins and transcription factors. Many previous studies have shown that 14-3-3 interactions with specific phosphorylated substrate proteins can be enhanced through small-molecule natural product or fully synthetic molecular glue interactions. However, enhancing 14-3-3 interactions with both therapeutically intractable transcription factor substrates as well as potential neo-substrates to sequester and inhibit their function has remained elusive.

Covalent Targeting of Glutamate Cysteine Ligase to Inhibit Glutathione Synthesis.

Dysregulated oxidative stress plays a major role in cancer pathogenesis and some types of cancer cells are particularly vulnerable to inhibition of their cellular antioxidant capacity. Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) is the first and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of the major cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Developing a GCL inhibitor may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for certain cancer types that are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress.

Clinical and genetic evaluation of children with short stature of unknown origin.

Background: Short stature is a common human trait. More severe and/or associated short stature is usually part of the presentation of a syndrome and may be a monogenic disease. The present study aimed to identify the genetic etiology of children with short stature of unknown origin.

Human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing HO-1 attenuate neural injury and enhance functional recovery by inhibiting inflammation in stroke mice.

Aims: The current evidence demonstrates that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold therapeutic potential for ischemic stroke. However, it remains unclear how changes in the secretion of MSC cytokines following the overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) impact excessive inflammatory activation in a mouse ischemic stroke model. This study investigated this aspect and provided further insights.

The intuitive decision preference and EEG features based on commonality heuristic.

People tend to make intuitive decisions based on certain heuristics. We have observed that there is an intuitive heuristic that tends to prioritize the most common features as the selection result. In order to study the influence of cognitive limitation and context induction on the intuitive thinking of common items, a questionnaire experiment with multidisciplinary features and similarity associations is designed.

Discovery of Potent Pyrazoline-Based Covalent SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.

While vaccines and antivirals are now being deployed for the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we require additional antiviral therapeutics to not only effectively combat SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, but also future coronaviruses. All coronaviruses have relatively similar genomes that provide a potential exploitable opening to develop antiviral therapies that will be effective against all coronaviruses. Among the various genes and proteins encoded by all coronaviruses, one particularly "druggable" or relatively easy-to-drug target is the coronavirus Main Protease (3CL or Mpro), an enzyme that is involved in cleaving a long peptide translated by the viral genome into its individual protein components that are then assembled into the virus to enable viral replication in the cell.

Musical Emotions Recognition Using Entropy Features and Channel Optimization Based on EEG.

The dynamic of music is an important factor to arouse emotional experience, but current research mainly uses short-term artificial stimulus materials, which cannot effectively awaken complex emotions and reflect their dynamic brain response. In this paper, we used three long-term stimulus materials with many dynamic emotions inside: the "Waltz No. 2" containing pleasure and excitement, the "No.

Effect of thoracic radiotherapy dose on the prognosis of advanced lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutations.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different thoracic radiotherapy doses on OS and incidence of radiation pneumonia which may provide some basis for optimizing the comprehensive treatment scheme of these patients with advanced EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Data from 111 patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma who received thoracic radiotherapy were included in this retrospective study. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoints of the study.

A comprehensive mouse brain acetylome-the cellular-specific distribution of acetylated brain proteins.

Nε-lysine acetylation is a reversible posttranslational modification (PTM) involved in multiple physiological functions. Genetic and animal studies have documented the critical roles of protein acetylation in brain development, functions, and various neurological disorders. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanism are still partially understood.

Research progress on microRNAs as molecular markers in pancreatic cancer: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: The incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer (PC) have increased in recent years. The current status of PC diagnosis and treatment remains grim in clinical practice because the commonly used early screening tools are not sufficient. Improving the early detection of PC and strengthening standardized comprehensive treatment remain the focus of PC research.

MiR-520a-5p/PPP5C regulation pattern is identified as the key to gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer.

Objective: To explore the effects of the expression level of miR-520-5p/PPP5C in pancreatic cancer cells and exosomes on cell viability, angiogenesis, autophagy, which involved in the mechanism of gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer.

Methods: APSC-1 cell line was treated with gemcitabine, after which its exosomes were extracted for NTA assay. Subsequently, the drug resistance of APSC-1 cells was assayed using CCK8, as well as the activity of HUVEC cells treated with exosomes from each group of APSC-1 cells after drug resistance treatment as well as overexpression treatment.

Application of artificial intelligence to pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Background And Objectives: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide although substantial advancement has been made in its comprehensive treatment. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has allowed its clinical applications to expand remarkably in recent years. Diverse methods and algorithms are employed by AI to extrapolate new data from clinical records to aid in the treatment of PC.

A dual-path neural network fusing dual-sequence magnetic resonance image features for detection of placenta accrete spectrum (PAS) disorder.

With the increase of various risk factors such as cesarean section and abortion, placenta accrete spectrum (PAS) disorder is happening more frequently year by year. Therefore, prenatal prediction of PAS is of crucial practical significance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) quality will not be affected by fetal position, maternal size, amniotic fluid volume, etc.

Dosimetric Evaluation of Incidental Irradiation to the Internal Mammary Chain After Surgery in Breast Cancer Patients.

Background And Purpose: The low rate of internal mammary node (IMN) recurrence was attributed to systemic therapy and internal mammary chain (IMC) coverage by the tangential fields of irradiation. This study aimed to evaluate the incidental irradiation dose to the IMC in breast cancer patients after surgery and to estimate the clinical predictive parameters affecting the magnitude of the IMC.

Materials And Methods: A total of 138 patients treated with postmastectomy radiotherapy and 210 patients undergoing radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.

Development of a nomograph integrating radiomics and deep features based on MRI to predict the prognosis of high grade Gliomas.

The purpose of this study was to assess the overall survival of patients with HGG using a nomogram which combines the optimized radiomics with deep signatures extracted from 3D Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) as well as clinical predictors. One training cohort of 168 HGG patients and one validation cohort of 42 HGG patients were enrolled in this study. From each patient's 3D MRI, 1284 radiomics features were extracted, and 8192 deep features were extracted via transfer learning.