Assessing synchronous ovarian metastasis in gastric cancer patients using a clinical-radiomics nomogram based on baseline abdominal contrast-enhanced CT: a two-center study.

Background: To build and validate a radiomics nomogram based on preoperative CT scans and clinical data for detecting synchronous ovarian metastasis (SOM) in female gastric cancer (GC) cases.

Methods: Pathologically confirmed GC cases in 2 cohorts were retrospectively enrolled. All cases had presurgical abdominal contrast-enhanced CT and pelvis contrast-enhanced MRI and pathological examinations for any suspicious ovarian lesions detected by MRI.

A Water-Soluble Hydrogen Sulfide Donor Suppresses the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Inhibiting the AKT/GSK-3/-Catenin and TGF-/Smad2/3 Signaling Pathways.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with high morbidity, high mortality, and low cure rate. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely adopted in tissue engineering and drug delivery. 5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1, 2-dithiol-3-thione (ADT-OH) is one of commonly used HS donors.

Prediction of myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease patients using a CCTA-Based radiomic nomogram.

Objective: The present study aimed to predict myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients based on the radiologic features of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) combined with clinical factors.

Methods: The imaging and clinical data of 110 patients who underwent CCTA scan before DSA or FFR examination in Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University (90 patients), and The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (20 patients) from March 2018 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) results, all patients were assigned to myocardial ischemia ( = 58) and normal myocardial blood supply ( = 52) groups.

HA-ADT suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via apoptosis promotion and autophagy inhibition.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths. We have previously connected a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronic acid (HA), with a common hydrogen sulfide (HS) donor, 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-thione (ADT-OH), to reconstruct a novel conjugate, HA-ADT. In this study, we determined the effect of HA-ADT on the growth of ESCC.

Exploring value of CT coronary imaging combined with machine-learning methods to predict myocardial ischemia.

Purpose: To establish a machine-learning (ML) model based on coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) images for evaluating myocardial ischemia in patients diagnosed with coronary atherosclerosis.

Methods: This retrospective analysis includes CTA images acquired from 110 patients. Among them, 58 have myocardial ischemia and 52 have normal myocardial blood supply.

Application of Unenhanced Computed Tomography Texture Analysis to Differentiate Pancreatic Adenosquamous Carcinoma from Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the application of unenhanced computed tomography (CT) texture analysis in differentiating pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (PASC) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods: Preoperative CT images of 112 patients (31 with PASC, 81 with PDAC) were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 396 texture parameters were extracted from AnalysisKit software for further texture analysis.

Enhanced computed tomography radiomics-based machine-learning methods for predicting the Fuhrman grades of renal clear cell carcinoma.

Objective: To develop and test an optimal machine learning model based on the enhanced computed tomography (CT) to preoperatively predict pathological grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 53 pathologically confirmed cases of ccRCC was performed and 25 consecutive ccRCC cases were selected as a prospective testing set. All patients underwent routine preoperative abdominal CT plain and enhanced scans.

MRI-Based Radiomics Nomogram for Selecting Ovarian Preservation Treatment in Patients With Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer.

Background: Ovarian preservation treatment (OPT) was recommended in young women with early-stage endometrial cancer [superficial myometrial invasion (MI) and grades (G) 1/2-endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEC)]. A radiomics nomogram was developed to assist radiologists in assessing the depth of MI and in selecting eligible patients for OPT.

Methods: From February 2014 to May 2021, 209 G 1/2-EEC patients younger than 45 years (mean 39 ± 4.

Differentiating Benign from Malignant Renal Tumors Using T2- and Diffusion-Weighted Images: A Comparison of Deep Learning and Radiomics Models Versus Assessment from Radiologists.

Background: Differentiating benign from malignant renal tumors is important for selection of the most effective treatment.

Purpose: To develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based deep learning (DL) models for differentiation of benign and malignant renal tumors and to compare their discrimination performance with the performance of radiomics models and assessment by radiologists.

Study Type: Retrospective.

Dual Enzyme-Like Performances of PLGA Grafted Maghemite Nanocrystals and Their Synergistic Chemo/Chemodynamic Treatment for Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells.

In recent years, the emergence of non-toxic but catalytically active inorganic nanoparticles has attracted great attention for cancer treatment, but the therapeutic effect has been affected by the limited reactive oxygen species in tumors. Therefore, the combination of chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy is regarded as a promising therapeutic strategy. In this paper, we reported the preparation and bioactivity evaluation of poly(lactic acid--glycolic acid) (PLGA) grafted--Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with dual response of endogenous peroxidase and catalase like activities.

Prognostic value of CT radiomics in evaluating lymphovascular invasion in rectal cancer: Diagnostic performance based on different volumes of interest.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate diagnostic performance of radiomic analysis using computed tomography (CT) to identify lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in patients diagnosed with rectal cancer and assess diagnostic performance of different lesion segmentations.

Methods: The study is applied to 169 pre-treatment CT images and the clinical features of patients with rectal cancer. Radiomic features are extracted from two different volumes of interest (VOIs) namely, gross tumor volume and peri-tumor tissue volume.

Nanomedicine: A Promising Way to Manage Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating disease of the aging population characterized by the progressive and slow brain decay due to the formation of extracellular plaques in the hippocampus. AD cells encompass tangles of twisted strands of aggregated microtubule binding proteins surrounded by plaques. Delivering corresponding drugs in the brain to deal with these clinical pathologies, we face a naturally built strong, protective barrier between circulating blood and brain cells called the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

The Application of Nanotechnology for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases and Disorders.

Brain is by far the most complex organ in the body. It is involved in the regulation of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional activities. The organ is also a target for many diseases and disorders ranging from injuries to cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.

Better Reporting and Awareness Campaigns Needed for Breast Cancer in Pakistani Women.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths in women globally. In 2018, 2.1 million new cases were reported, with 627,000 deaths.

MRI-based radiomics approach for differentiation of hypovascular non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas.

Background: This study aims to investigate the value of radiomics parameters derived from contrast enhanced (CE) MRI in differentiation of hypovascular non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (hypo-NF-pNETs) and solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas (SPNs).

Methods: Fifty-seven SPN patients and twenty-two hypo-NF-pNET patients were enrolled. Radiomics features were extracted from T1WI, arterial, portal and delayed phase of MR images.

Impact of the factors shaping gut microbiota on obesity.

Obesity is considered as a risk factor for chronic health diseases such as heart diseases, cancer and diabetes 2. Reduced physical activities, lifestyle, poor nutritional diet and genetics are among the risk factors associated with the development of obesity. In recent years, several studies have explored the link between the gut microbiome and the progression of diseases including obesity, with the shift in microbiome abundance and composition being the main focus.

Role of hydrogen sulfide donors in cancer development and progression.

In recent years, a vast number of potential cancer therapeutic targets have emerged. However, developing efficient and effective drugs for the targets is of major concern. Hydrogen sulfide (HS), one of the three known gasotransmitters, is involved in the regulation of various cellular activities such as autophagy, apoptosis, migration, and proliferation.

Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide Donors in Common Kidney Diseases.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) plays a key role in the regulation of physiological processes in mammals. The decline in HS level has been reported in numerous renal disorders. In animal models of renal disorders, treatment with HS donors could restore HS levels and improve renal functions.

Multifaceted behavior of PEST sequence enriched nuclear proteins in cancer biology and role in gene therapy.

The amino acid sequence enriched with proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S), and threonine (T) (PEST) is a signal-transducing agent providing unique features to its substrate nuclear proteins (PEST-NPs). The PEST motif is responsible for particular posttranslational modifications (PTMs). These PTMs impart distinct properties to PEST-NPs that are responsible for their activation/inhibition, intracellular localization, and stability/degradation.

Heterogeneity of T3 stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in different parts based on enhanced CT radiomics.

Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with a high incidence and a poor prognosis. At the present, CT-based radiomics is providing more and more valuable information. However, the heterogeneity of the study and the poor repeatability of the texture feature parameters have limited its wider clinical application.

Radiomics analysis of multicenter CT images for discriminating mucinous adenocarcinoma from nomucinous adenocarcinoma in rectal cancer and comparison with conventional CT values.

Objective: To investigate the value of CT-based radiomics signature for preoperatively discriminating mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) from nomucinous adenocarcinoma (NMA) in rectal cancer and compare with conventional CT values.

Method: A total of 225 patients with histologically confirmed MA or NMA of rectal cancer were retrospectively enrolled. Radiomics features were computed from the entire tumor volume segmented from the post-contrast phase CT images.

Texture Analysis of High b-Value Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Evaluating Consistency of Pituitary Macroadenomas.

Background: Preoperative evaluation of the consistency of pituitary macroadenomas is important for neurosurgeons to prepare the surgical plan.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of texture analysis (TA) of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at a standard b-value (b = 1000 s/mm ) and a high b-value (b = 2000 s/mm ) for their ability to assess the tumor consistency of pituitary macroadenomas.

Study Type: Retrospective.