Evaluation of different heterologous-homologous vaccine regimens against challenge with GI-23 lineage infectious bronchitis virus.

This study assesses different IBV vaccination regimens in broiler chickens using commercially available live attenuated GI-23 (Egyptian-VAR2) and GI-1 (H120) vaccines. Vaccines were administered at 1, 14 days of age, or both. The ciliostasis test, following wild-type VAR2 challenge at 28 days of age, indicated that classic H120+VAR2 at one day old followed by the VAR2 vaccine at 14 days of age provided the highest level of protection (89.

Efficacy of Two Vaccination Strategies against Infectious Bronchitis in Laying Hens.

Vaccination remains the leading control method against infectious bronchitis (IB) in poultry despite the frequently observed IB outbreaks in vaccinated flocks. Here, two vaccination regimes were evaluated against challenge with the Massachusetts (Mass) infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain that was linked to egg production defects in Western Canada. One vaccination strategy included live attenuated IB vaccines only, and the other used both inactivated and live attenuated IB vaccines.

Genotyping and In Silico Analysis of Delmarva (DMV/1639) Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Spike 1 (S1) Glycoprotein.

Genetic diversity and evolution of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) are mainly impacted by mutations in the spike 1 (S1) gene. This study focused on whole genome sequencing of an IBV isolate (IBV/Ck/Can/2558004), which represents strains highly prevalent in Canadian commercial poultry, especially concerning features related to its S1 gene and protein sequences. Based on the phylogeny of the S1 gene, IBV/Ck/Can/2558004 belongs to the GI-17 lineage.

Effect of aromatic oils on the expression of some virulence-associated and antimicrobial resistance genes of isolated from broilers.

Objectives: This study aimed to prove the effects of isolates isolated from diseased broilers to form biofilms, describe their antimicrobial sensetivity, and determine the effect of allicin and cinnamon essential oils on the expression of some genes (H, 1, and S) through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR).

Materials And Methods: 140 samples were obtained from diseased broilers in Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt. These samples were examined by conventional bacteriology methods to detect the causative agent.

Genotype VII.1.1-Based Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccines Afford Better Protection against Field Isolates in Commercial Broiler Chickens.

This study evaluated the efficacy of live and inactivated conventional GII LaSota and recombinant GVII Newcastle disease vaccines in commercial broilers. The experimental groups (G2-G7) were vaccinated on day 7 and day 21 of age with live vaccines from the same vaccine type "GII LaSota, GVII vaccine (A), GVII vaccine (B)" via eye drop; however, G3, G5, and G7 received a single dose from inactivated counterpart vaccines subcutaneously on day 7 of age. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated based on elicited humoral immunity, clinical protection, and reduction in virus shedding after challenge with virulent GVII 1.

The modulatory effect of carvacrol on viral shedding titer and acute phase response in broiler chickens experimentally infected with infectious bronchitis virus.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is one of the major respiratory diseases of broiler causing huge economic losses. The inability to control IBV using different vaccination programs owing to the high mutation rate and recombination ability of the RNA genome generates IBV variants. This study was designed to give a specific perspective of carvacrol effect on early immune response, viral shedding titer, oxidative stress, serum biochemical parameters and clinical consequences in broilers experimentally infected by IBV.

Virulence and resistance determinants in isolated from pericarditis in diseased broiler chickens in Egypt.

Objective: This study was performed to probe the antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes profiling in recovered from the cases of pericarditis in broiler chickens.

Materials And Methods: The samples ( = 250) collected from the cases of pericarditis in broiler chickens were bacteriologically examined. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion technique.

Emerging infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in Egypt: Evidence for an evolutionary advantage of a new S1 variant with a unique gene 3ab constellation.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a gamma-coronavirus, causes infectious bronchitis (IB), a major respiratory disease of chicken. Its high mutation rate in conjunction with recombination of the RNA genome constantly creates IBV variants that are difficult to control by currently available vaccines. In this study, we addressed the question whether small-scale holdings might harbor IBV variants that serve as a reservoir for newly emerging variants.

Genotyping and reassortment analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses H5N8 and H5N2 from Egypt reveals successive annual replacement of genotypes.

Highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1, clade 2.2.1, and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 viruses, G1-B lineage, are endemic in poultry in Egypt and have co-circulated for almost a decade.

Efficacy of Live Attenuated Vaccine and Commercially Available Lectin Against Avian Pathogenic Infection in Broiler Chickens.

In this study, the protective efficacy of an live attenuated vaccine was compared to the preventive administration of lectin preparation before the challenge. Two hundred broiler chicks were divided into eight equal groups. The first group was used as a negative control group.

Correction to: Oral inoculation of ultraviolet-irradiated Eimeria species oocysts protects chickens against coccidiosis.

The author name Salama Abohamra in the original published version of this article should have been Salama Abohamra Sayed Shany.

Respiratory disease due to mixed viral infections in poultry flocks in Egypt between 2017 and 2018: Upsurge of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N8 since 2018.

For several years, poultry production in Egypt has been suffering from co-circulation of multiple respiratory viruses including highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 (clade 2.2.1.

Teaming Up for Trouble: Cancer Cells, Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Signaling and the Epigenetic Corruption of Stromal Naïve Fibroblasts.

It is well recognized that cancer cells subvert the phenotype of stromal naïve fibroblasts and instruct the neighboring cells to sustain their growth agenda. The mechanisms underpinning the switch of fibroblasts to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the focus of intense investigation. One of the most significant hallmarks of the biological identity of CAFs is that their tumor-promoting phenotype is stably maintained during in vitro and ex vivo propagation without the continual interaction with the adjacent cancer cells.

Experimental co-infection of infectious bronchitis and low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 viruses in commercial broiler chickens.

In this study, commercial broilers were experimentally infected with single (classical IBV, variant IBV or AIV-H9N2) or mixed AIV-H9N2 with classical, variant or vaccine strains of IBV. Birds were monitored for clinical and pathological outcomes and virus shedding for 10days post infection (DPI). Clinical signs were limited to the respiratory tract in all challenged groups and varied from mild to moderate mouth breathing to severe respiratory signs with snorting sound and extended head.

Vitamin D and Myofibroblasts in Fibrosis and Cancer: At Cross-purposes with TGF-β/SMAD Signaling.

The multifaceted involvement of the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (henceforth referred to by the synonyms 1,25(OH)D, calcitriol or vitamin D) in blunting the growth of cancer cells is amply recognized. In this review we focused our attention on the cross-talk between 1,25 (OH)D and the tumor microenvironment (TME), signaling out stromal cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most abundant TME population, as a target for calcitriol anticancer action. In view of the commonality of the phenotypic signature in myofibroblasts, resident in the cancer stroma and in non-neoplastic fibrotic loci, we examined modes of action of vitamin D in non-neoplastic chronic diseases and in cancer to assess mechanistic similarities and divergences.

Investigating the potential role of vitamin E in modulating the immunosuppressive effects of tylvalosin and florfenicol in broiler chickens.

Tylvalosin (TVS) is a third-generation macrolide drug used for prophylaxis and treatment of mycoplasma, however; it is supposed to possess an immunosuppressive effect. In the current study, the immunosuppressive effect of TVS and florfenicol (FFC) and the potential immunomodulatory role of Vit E were investigated. The experiment included one day old chick groups treated with either TVS, FFC, Vit E, TVS/Vit E, FFC/Vit E and control non-treated group.

Molecular diagnosis of Eimeria stiedae in hepatic tissue of experimentally infected rabbits.

The early detection of Eimeria stiedae in the hepatic tissue of experimentally infected rabbits was investigated using molecular assay. Forty 6-week-old male New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups. Group A (30 animals) was infected with 2.

Prevalence of avian respiratory viruses in broiler flocks in Egypt.

In this study, respiratory viral pathogens were screened using real-time RT-PCR in 86 broiler chicken flocks suffering from respiratory diseases problems in 4 Egyptian governorates between January 2012 and February 2014. The mortality rates in the investigated flocks ranged from 1 to 47%. Results showed that mixed infection represented 66.

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the norovirus P particle-M2e chimeric vaccine in chickens.

The ectodomain of the influenza matrix protein 2 (M2e) is highly conserved across strains and has been shown to be a promising candidate for universal influenza vaccine in the mouse model. In this study, we tested immune response and protective efficacy of a chimeric norovirus P particle containing the avian M2e protein against challenges with three avian influenza (AI) viruses (H5N2, H6N2, H7N2) in chickens. Two-week-old specific pathogen free chickens were vaccinated 3 times with an M2e-P particle (M2e-PP) vaccine via the subcutaneous (SQ) route with oil adjuvant, and transmucosal routes (intranasal, IN; eye drop, ED; microspray, MS) without adjuvant.

Sodium valproate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, enhances the efficacy of vinorelbine-cisplatin-based chemoradiation in non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Aim: To enhance the anticancer activity of vinorelbine, cisplatin and ionizing radiation (IR) combination against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by co-administration of sodium valproate (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and to elucidate molecular events underpinning treatment efficacy.

Materials And Methods: The NSCLC A549 cell line was treated with cisplatin (0.2 μg/ml), vinorelbine (2 nM), VPA (1 mM) and IR (2.

Association between bone mineral density and incidence of breast cancer.

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested an inverse relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and breast cancer incidence. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether BMD is associated with risk of subsequent breast cancer occurrence in the female population of southern Israel.

Methods: The electronic medical charts of women who underwent BMD at the Soroka Medical Center (SMC) between February 2003 and March 2011 were screened for subsequent breast cancer diagnoses.

Humoral antibody responses to different H5N1 and H5N2 vaccination regimes: implications for the development of autogenously based vaccines.

Whereas H5N1 vaccine and several H5N2 vaccines are commercially available and are used to control H5N1 outbreaks in some endemic countries, infections hit many vaccinated flocks. The following study was conducted to compare the efficacy of such vaccines and to assess their potential induction of antibodies against the haemagglutinin of local H5N1 isolate after single vaccination. The possible beneficiary effect of booster dose at different intervals was screened for both H5N1 vaccine as well as a selected H5N2 candidate.

Increased vitamin D serum levels correlate with clinical improvement of rheumatic diseases after Dead Sea climatotherapy.

Background: Ultraviolet B (UVB) rays are required by the skin for the production of vitamin D. The intensity of UVB at the Dead Sea area is the lowest in the world. Low vitamin D levels are often associated with musculoskeletal symptoms.

Isolation and characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 from donkeys.

Background: The highly pathogenic H5N1 is a major avian pathogen that crosses species barriers and seriously affects humans as well as some mammals. It mutates in an intensified manner and is considered a potential candidate for the possible next pandemic with all the catastrophic consequences.

Methods: Nasal swabs were collected from donkeys suffered from respiratory distress.

A combined pretreatment of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and sodium valproate enhances the damaging effect of ionizing radiation on prostate cancer cells.

Radiotherapy is one of the curative treatment options for prostate cancer (PCa). However, effective doses of ionizing radiation (IR) have a high risk of side effects. To increase sensitivity of PCa to IR we pretreated human androgen-refractory DU145 PCa cells with a combination of sodium valproate (VPA), a well-tolerated drug with histone deacetylases inhibiting activity, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, the active metabolite of vitamin D, a well known anticancer agent.