Synergistic [4 + 1] Spiroannulation and Selective Ring-Opening Strategy toward γ-Spirolactams.

A unique and propitious [4 + 1] spiroannulation of 2-aryl-4-benzo[][1,3]oxazine with maleimide has been delineated, furnishing diversely embellished γ-spirolactams featuring pendant benzyl alcohol via Rh(III)-catalyzed consecutive ring closing/ring opening followed by regioselective cleavage of the C4-O bond of 1,3-benzoxazine promoted by an generated water maneuver constructing new C-C, C-N, and C-O bonds at a go. A detailed mechanistic study, including a thorough analysis of the incorporation of an extra oxygen source, has been showcased to make this strategy for structurally orchestrated isoindoline-1-one spirosuccinimides.

Maximization of Micractinium sp., biomass and use of Dual-Purpose reduced graphene supported vanadium oxide nanoparticles for harvesting and subsequent biodiesel production.

A sustainable media composition comprising of nanourea (NU), groundnut de-oiled cake (GDOC), and seaweed Extract (SE) was formulated using a mixture design for the cultivation of Micractinium sp. Maximum biomass yield and productivity of 5.52 ± 0.

[3+2] Cascade Ring-Closing/Ring-Opening Strategy: Access to -Indene-Tethered Amino Alcohols.

An unprecedented atom-economic redox neutral regioselective Rh(III)-catalyzed cascade [3+2] annulation of 2-aryl oxazoline with α,β-unsaturated nitro olefins has been accomplished, furnishing a novel set of nitro-functionalized indene-tethered amino alcohols through a synergistic ring-closing/ring-opening strategy via the formation of two new C-C bonds and the regioselective cleavage of the C2-O bond of oxazoline under silver free mild reaction conditions with a broad substrate scope.

Electrochemical C(sp)-C(sp) cross-dehydrogenative coupling: enabling access to 9-substituted fluorescent acridanes.

A straightforward strategy for direct access of C9-functionalized -alkyl-acridanes in good to excellent yields has been established a metal- and external oxidant-free sustainable electrochemical C(sp)-C(sp) cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction between acridanes and benzo fused lactones at ambient temperature. A broad substrate scope with superior functional-group tolerance anodic oxidation of acridanes permitted the synthesis of a vast spectrum of fluorescence-active acridanes with high quantum yields.

Synthesis of indene-fused spiro-dibenz(ox)azepines Rh(III)-catalyzed cascade regioselective C-H activation/annulation.

We report an unprecedented atom-economic one-pot Cp*Rh(III)-catalyzed regioselective [3+2]-spiroannulation reaction between dibenz(ox)azepines and ynones, allowing the synthesis of biologically relevant novel spirocyclic dibenz(ox)azepines under operationally simple and mild reaction conditions. The reaction proceeds without any silver additive or external oxidant implementing a redox-neutral pathway. A broad substrate scope with diverse functional group tolerance permitted the regioselective synthesis of a wide spectrum of indene-containing spirocyclic dibenz(ox)azepines in good to excellent yields.

Phytochemical screening and antioxidative property evaluation of lipid-producing fungi.

The increased demands for natural bioactive compounds have induced the search for unusual sources. Microorganisms, especially fungi are a potent source of secondary metabolites, which could act mainly as antioxidant compounds to prevent oxidative stress. In the present study three soil-isolated fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus heteromorphus and Aspergillus fumigatus, were screened for their oleaginous property as well as their potential for the production of bioactive compounds.

Regio- and Diastereoselective [3 + 2]-Spiroannulation of Benzoxazines with Chalcones: A Rh(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Approach to α-Aroyl Spiro-Indanamines.

We report an atom-economic Rh(III)-catalyzed [3 + 2]-spiroannulation reaction between cyclic ketimines and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, allowing the synthesis of novel spirocycles with concomitant generation of three stereogenic centers in one pot. The reaction does not require any silver additives or external oxidants and is believed to proceed in a redox-neutral manner. A broad substrate scope with good functional group tolerance permitted the synthesis of a vast spectrum of spirocyclic 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives containing polysubstituted α-aroyl-indanamines in good to excellent yields with high diastereoselectivity.

Novel integration of biohydrogen production with fungal biodiesel production process.

An integration of bio-H with fungal biodiesel production process was investigated. Highest cumulative H production of 3.3 ± 0.

Optimization of the operation of packed bed bioreactor to improve the sulfate and metal removal from acid mine drainage.

The present study discusses the potentiality of using anaerobic Packed Bed Bioreactor (PBR) for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD). The multiple process parameters such as pH, hydraulic retention time (HRT), concentration of marine waste extract (MWE), total organic carbon (TOC) and sulfate were optimized together using Taguchi design. The order of influence of the parameters towards biological sulfate reduction was found to be pH > MWE > sulfate > HRT > TOC.

Enhancement in lipid content of Chlorella sp. MJ 11/11 from the spent medium of thermophilic biohydrogen production process.

The present study investigates the effect of spent media of acetogenic dark fermentation for mixotrophic algal cultivation for biodiesel production. Mixotrophic growth conditions were optimized in culture flask (250mL) using Chlorella sp. MJ 11/11.

Understanding the performance of sulfate reducing bacteria based packed bed reactor by growth kinetics study and microbial profiling.

A novel marine waste extract (MWE) as alternative nitrogen source was explored for the growth of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). Variation of sulfate and nitrogen (MWE) showed that SRB growth follows an uncompetitive inhibition model. The maximum specific growth rates (μmax) of 0.

Electro-stimulated microbial factory for value added product synthesis.

Interplay of charge between bacteria and electrode has led to emergence of bioelectrochemical systems which leads to applications such as production of electricity, wastewater treatment, bioremediation and production of value added products. Many electroactive bacteria have been identified that have unique external electron transport systems. Coupling of electron transport with carbon metabolism has opened a new approach of carbon dioxide sequestration.

Biohythane production from organic wastes: present state of art.

The economy of an industrialized country is greatly dependent on fossil fuels. However, these nonrenewable sources of energy are nearing the brink of extinction. Moreover, the reliance on these fuels has led to increased levels of pollution which have caused serious adverse impacts on the environment.

Comparative evaluation of the hydrogen production by mixed consortium, synthetic co-culture and pure culture using distillery effluent.

Wastewater comprises of various carbon sources. So, the use of microbial consortium may improve the hydrogen production and organic reduction. The present study deals with biohydrogen production by acidogenic mixed consortia (AMC), synthetic co-culture (Klebsiella pneumoniae IIT-BT 08 and Citrobacter freundii IIT-BT L139) and pure culture using distillery effluent (DE).

Improvement of the degradation of sulfate rich wastewater using sweetmeat waste (SMW) as nutrient supplement.

External dosing of sweetmeat waste (SMW) dosing into exhausted upflow packed bed bioreactor (PBR) resulted in prompt reactivation of SO4(2-) removal. Different SMW concentrations in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD)/SO4(2-) ratios (1, 2, 4 and 8) were introduced into four identical PBR where process stability was found within 3 weeks of operation. SO4(2-) removal was proportional to COD/SO4(2-) ratios up to 4 at which maximum sulfate removal (99%) was achieved at a rate of 607 mg/d.

Reduction of start-up time through bioaugmentation process in microbial fuel cells using an isolate from dark fermentative spent media fed anode.

An electrochemically active bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa IIT BT SS1 was isolated from a dark fermentative spent media fed anode, and a bioaugmentation technique using the isolated strain was used to improve the start-up time of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Higher volumetric current density and lower start-up time were observed with the augmented system MFC-PM (13.7 A/m(3)) when compared with mixed culture MFC-M (8.

Improvement of biomass production by Chlorella sp. MJ 11/11 for use as a feedstock for biodiesel.

Algal biomass is gaining importance for biofuel production as it is rich in lipids. It becomes more significant when biomass is produced by capturing atmospheric greenhouse gas, CO2. In the present study, the effect of different physicochemical parameters were studied on the biomass and lipid productivity in Chlorella sp.

Improvement of power generation using Shewanella putrefaciens mediated bioanode in a single chambered microbial fuel cell: effect of different anodic operating conditions.

Three different approaches were employed to improve single chambered microbial fuel cell (sMFC) performance using Shewanella putrefaciens as biocatalyst. Taguchi design was used to identify the key process parameter (anolyte concentration, CaCl₂ and initial anolyte pH) for maximization of volumetric power. Supplementation of CaCl₂ was found most significant and maximum power density of 4.

Continuous mode of carbon dioxide sequestration by C. sorokiniana and subsequent use of its biomass for hydrogen production by E. cloacae IIT-BT 08.

The present study investigated to find out the suitability of the CO2 sequestered algal biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana as substrate for the hydrogen production by Enterobacter cloacae IIT-BT 08. The maximum biomass productivity in continuous mode of operation in autotrophic condition was enhanced from 0.05 g L(-1) h(-1) in air to 0.

Effects of in utero arsenic exposure on child immunity and morbidity in rural Bangladesh.

Chronic exposure to arsenic, a potent carcinogen and toxicant, via drinking water is a worldwide public health problem. Because little is known about early-life effects of arsenic on immunity, we evaluated the impact of in utero exposure on infant immune parameters and morbidity in a pilot study. Pregnant women were enrolled at 6-10 weeks of gestation in Matlab, a rural area of Bangladesh, extensively affected by arsenic contamination of tubewell water.